Returns the result of invoking exception.to_s. Normally this returns the exception’s message or name.
Return the status value associated with this system exit.
The first form is equivalent to attr_reader. The second form is equivalent to attr_accessor(name) but deprecated. The last form is equivalent to attr_reader(name) but deprecated. Returns an array of defined method names as symbols.
With no arguments, sets the default visibility for subsequently defined methods to private. With arguments, sets the named methods to have private visibility. String arguments are converted to symbols. An Array of Symbols and/or Strings are also accepted.
module Mod def a() end def b() end private def c() end private :a end Mod.private_instance_methods #=> [:a, :c]
Note that to show a private method on RDoc, use :doc:.
Returns True if the value is Not a Number.
Truncate to the nearest integer (by default), returning the result as a BigDecimal.
BigDecimal('3.14159').truncate #=> 3 BigDecimal('8.7').truncate #=> 8 BigDecimal('-9.9').truncate #=> -9
If n is specified and positive, the fractional part of the result has no more than that many digits.
If n is specified and negative, at least that many digits to the left of the decimal point will be 0 in the result.
BigDecimal('3.14159').truncate(3) #=> 3.141 BigDecimal('13345.234').truncate(-2) #=> 13300.0
Returns true if rat is less than 0.
Returns rat truncated (toward zero) to a precision of ndigits decimal digits (default: 0).
When the precision is negative, the returned value is an integer with at least ndigits.abs trailing zeros.
Returns a rational when ndigits is positive, otherwise returns an integer.
Rational(3).truncate #=> 3 Rational(2, 3).truncate #=> 0 Rational(-3, 2).truncate #=> -1 # decimal - 1 2 3 . 4 5 6 # ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ # precision -3 -2 -1 0 +1 +2 Rational('-123.456').truncate(+1).to_f #=> -123.4 Rational('-123.456').truncate(-1) #=> -120
Parse an HTTP query string into a hash of key=>value pairs.
params = CGI.parse("query_string") # {"name1" => ["value1", "value2", ...], # "name2" => ["value1", "value2", ...], ... }
Creates a date object denoting the given ordinal date.
The day of year should be a negative or a positive number (as a relative day from the end of year when negative). It should not be zero.
Date.ordinal(2001) #=> #<Date: 2001-01-01 ...> Date.ordinal(2001,34) #=> #<Date: 2001-02-03 ...> Date.ordinal(2001,-1) #=> #<Date: 2001-12-31 ...>
Creates a date object denoting the given week date.
The week and the day of week should be a negative or a positive number (as a relative week/day from the end of year/week when negative). They should not be zero.
Date.commercial(2001) #=> #<Date: 2001-01-01 ...> Date.commercial(2002) #=> #<Date: 2001-12-31 ...> Date.commercial(2001,5,6) #=> #<Date: 2001-02-03 ...>
Parses the given representation of date and time with the given template, and returns a hash of parsed elements. _strptime does not support specification of flags and width unlike strftime.
Date._strptime('2001-02-03', '%Y-%m-%d') #=> {:year=>2001, :mon=>2, :mday=>3}
See also strptime(3) and strftime.
Parses the given representation of date and time with the given template, and creates a date object. strptime does not support specification of flags and width unlike strftime.
Date.strptime('2001-02-03', '%Y-%m-%d') #=> #<Date: 2001-02-03 ...> Date.strptime('03-02-2001', '%d-%m-%Y') #=> #<Date: 2001-02-03 ...> Date.strptime('2001-034', '%Y-%j') #=> #<Date: 2001-02-03 ...> Date.strptime('2001-W05-6', '%G-W%V-%u') #=> #<Date: 2001-02-03 ...> Date.strptime('2001 04 6', '%Y %U %w') #=> #<Date: 2001-02-03 ...> Date.strptime('2001 05 6', '%Y %W %u') #=> #<Date: 2001-02-03 ...> Date.strptime('sat3feb01', '%a%d%b%y') #=> #<Date: 2001-02-03 ...>
See also strptime(3) and strftime.
Parses the given representation of date and time, and returns a hash of parsed elements.
This method **does not** function as a validator. If the input string does not match valid formats strictly, you may get a cryptic result. Should consider to use ‘Date._strptime` or `DateTime._strptime` instead of this method as possible.
If the optional second argument is true and the detected year is in the range “00” to “99”, considers the year a 2-digit form and makes it full.
Date._parse('2001-02-03') #=> {:year=>2001, :mon=>2, :mday=>3}
Raise an ArgumentError when the string length is longer than limit. You can stop this check by passing ‘limit: nil`, but note that it may take a long time to parse.
Parses the given representation of date and time, and creates a date object.
This method **does not** function as a validator. If the input string does not match valid formats strictly, you may get a cryptic result. Should consider to use ‘Date.strptime` instead of this method as possible.
If the optional second argument is true and the detected year is in the range “00” to “99”, considers the year a 2-digit form and makes it full.
Date.parse('2001-02-03') #=> #<Date: 2001-02-03 ...> Date.parse('20010203') #=> #<Date: 2001-02-03 ...> Date.parse('3rd Feb 2001') #=> #<Date: 2001-02-03 ...>
Raise an ArgumentError when the string length is longer than limit. You can stop this check by passing ‘limit: nil`, but note that it may take a long time to parse.
Returns a hash of parsed elements.
Raise an ArgumentError when the string length is longer than limit. You can stop this check by passing ‘limit: nil`, but note that it may take a long time to parse.
Creates a new Date object by parsing from a string according to some RFC 2616 format.
Date.httpdate('Sat, 03 Feb 2001 00:00:00 GMT') #=> #<Date: 2001-02-03 ...>
Raise an ArgumentError when the string length is longer than limit. You can stop this check by passing ‘limit: nil`, but note that it may take a long time to parse.
Returns the astronomical modified Julian day number. This is a fractional number, which is not adjusted by the offset.
DateTime.new(2001,2,3,4,5,6,'+7').amjd #=> (249325817/4800) DateTime.new(2001,2,2,14,5,6,'-7').amjd #=> (249325817/4800)
Returns true if the date is Thursday.
Returns true if the date is Saturday.
Formats date according to the directives in the given format string. The directives begin with a percent (%) character. Any text not listed as a directive will be passed through to the output string.
A directive consists of a percent (%) character, zero or more flags, an optional minimum field width, an optional modifier, and a conversion specifier as follows.
%<flags><width><modifier><conversion>
Flags:
- don't pad a numerical output. _ use spaces for padding. 0 use zeros for padding. ^ upcase the result string. # change case.
The minimum field width specifies the minimum width.
The modifiers are “E”, “O”, “:”, “::” and “:::”. “E” and “O” are ignored. No effect to result currently.
Format directives:
Date (Year, Month, Day):
%Y - Year with century (can be negative, 4 digits at least)
-0001, 0000, 1995, 2009, 14292, etc.
%C - year / 100 (round down. 20 in 2009)
%y - year % 100 (00..99)
%m - Month of the year, zero-padded (01..12)
%_m blank-padded ( 1..12)
%-m no-padded (1..12)
%B - The full month name (``January'')
%^B uppercased (``JANUARY'')
%b - The abbreviated month name (``Jan'')
%^b uppercased (``JAN'')
%h - Equivalent to %b
%d - Day of the month, zero-padded (01..31)
%-d no-padded (1..31)
%e - Day of the month, blank-padded ( 1..31)
%j - Day of the year (001..366)
Time (Hour, Minute, Second, Subsecond):
%H - Hour of the day, 24-hour clock, zero-padded (00..23)
%k - Hour of the day, 24-hour clock, blank-padded ( 0..23)
%I - Hour of the day, 12-hour clock, zero-padded (01..12)
%l - Hour of the day, 12-hour clock, blank-padded ( 1..12)
%P - Meridian indicator, lowercase (``am'' or ``pm'')
%p - Meridian indicator, uppercase (``AM'' or ``PM'')
%M - Minute of the hour (00..59)
%S - Second of the minute (00..60)
%L - Millisecond of the second (000..999)
%N - Fractional seconds digits, default is 9 digits (nanosecond)
%3N millisecond (3 digits) %15N femtosecond (15 digits)
%6N microsecond (6 digits) %18N attosecond (18 digits)
%9N nanosecond (9 digits) %21N zeptosecond (21 digits)
%12N picosecond (12 digits) %24N yoctosecond (24 digits)
Time zone:
%z - Time zone as hour and minute offset from UTC (e.g. +0900)
%:z - hour and minute offset from UTC with a colon (e.g. +09:00)
%::z - hour, minute and second offset from UTC (e.g. +09:00:00)
%:::z - hour, minute and second offset from UTC
(e.g. +09, +09:30, +09:30:30)
%Z - Equivalent to %:z (e.g. +09:00)
Weekday:
%A - The full weekday name (``Sunday'')
%^A uppercased (``SUNDAY'')
%a - The abbreviated name (``Sun'')
%^a uppercased (``SUN'')
%u - Day of the week (Monday is 1, 1..7)
%w - Day of the week (Sunday is 0, 0..6)
ISO 8601 week-based year and week number:
The week 1 of YYYY starts with a Monday and includes YYYY-01-04.
The days in the year before the first week are in the last week of
the previous year.
%G - The week-based year
%g - The last 2 digits of the week-based year (00..99)
%V - Week number of the week-based year (01..53)
Week number:
The week 1 of YYYY starts with a Sunday or Monday (according to %U
or %W). The days in the year before the first week are in week 0.
%U - Week number of the year. The week starts with Sunday. (00..53)
%W - Week number of the year. The week starts with Monday. (00..53)
Seconds since the Unix Epoch:
%s - Number of seconds since 1970-01-01 00:00:00 UTC.
%Q - Number of milliseconds since 1970-01-01 00:00:00 UTC.
Literal string:
%n - Newline character (\n)
%t - Tab character (\t)
%% - Literal ``%'' character
Combination:
%c - date and time (%a %b %e %T %Y)
%D - Date (%m/%d/%y)
%F - The ISO 8601 date format (%Y-%m-%d)
%v - VMS date (%e-%b-%Y)
%x - Same as %D
%X - Same as %T
%r - 12-hour time (%I:%M:%S %p)
%R - 24-hour time (%H:%M)
%T - 24-hour time (%H:%M:%S)
%+ - date(1) (%a %b %e %H:%M:%S %Z %Y)
This method is similar to the strftime() function defined in ISO C and POSIX. Several directives (%a, %A, %b, %B, %c, %p, %r, %x, %X, %E*, %O* and %Z) are locale dependent in the function. However, this method is locale independent. So, the result may differ even if the same format string is used in other systems such as C. It is good practice to avoid %x and %X because there are corresponding locale independent representations, %D and %T.
Examples:
d = DateTime.new(2007,11,19,8,37,48,"-06:00") #=> #<DateTime: 2007-11-19T08:37:48-0600 ...> d.strftime("Printed on %m/%d/%Y") #=> "Printed on 11/19/2007" d.strftime("at %I:%M%p") #=> "at 08:37AM"
Various ISO 8601 formats:
%Y%m%d => 20071119 Calendar date (basic) %F => 2007-11-19 Calendar date (extended) %Y-%m => 2007-11 Calendar date, reduced accuracy, specific month %Y => 2007 Calendar date, reduced accuracy, specific year %C => 20 Calendar date, reduced accuracy, specific century %Y%j => 2007323 Ordinal date (basic) %Y-%j => 2007-323 Ordinal date (extended) %GW%V%u => 2007W471 Week date (basic) %G-W%V-%u => 2007-W47-1 Week date (extended) %GW%V => 2007W47 Week date, reduced accuracy, specific week (basic) %G-W%V => 2007-W47 Week date, reduced accuracy, specific week (extended) %H%M%S => 083748 Local time (basic) %T => 08:37:48 Local time (extended) %H%M => 0837 Local time, reduced accuracy, specific minute (basic) %H:%M => 08:37 Local time, reduced accuracy, specific minute (extended) %H => 08 Local time, reduced accuracy, specific hour %H%M%S,%L => 083748,000 Local time with decimal fraction, comma as decimal sign (basic) %T,%L => 08:37:48,000 Local time with decimal fraction, comma as decimal sign (extended) %H%M%S.%L => 083748.000 Local time with decimal fraction, full stop as decimal sign (basic) %T.%L => 08:37:48.000 Local time with decimal fraction, full stop as decimal sign (extended) %H%M%S%z => 083748-0600 Local time and the difference from UTC (basic) %T%:z => 08:37:48-06:00 Local time and the difference from UTC (extended) %Y%m%dT%H%M%S%z => 20071119T083748-0600 Date and time of day for calendar date (basic) %FT%T%:z => 2007-11-19T08:37:48-06:00 Date and time of day for calendar date (extended) %Y%jT%H%M%S%z => 2007323T083748-0600 Date and time of day for ordinal date (basic) %Y-%jT%T%:z => 2007-323T08:37:48-06:00 Date and time of day for ordinal date (extended) %GW%V%uT%H%M%S%z => 2007W471T083748-0600 Date and time of day for week date (basic) %G-W%V-%uT%T%:z => 2007-W47-1T08:37:48-06:00 Date and time of day for week date (extended) %Y%m%dT%H%M => 20071119T0837 Calendar date and local time (basic) %FT%R => 2007-11-19T08:37 Calendar date and local time (extended) %Y%jT%H%MZ => 2007323T0837Z Ordinal date and UTC of day (basic) %Y-%jT%RZ => 2007-323T08:37Z Ordinal date and UTC of day (extended) %GW%V%uT%H%M%z => 2007W471T0837-0600 Week date and local time and difference from UTC (basic) %G-W%V-%uT%R%:z => 2007-W47-1T08:37-06:00 Week date and local time and difference from UTC (extended)
See also strftime(3) and ::strptime.
Returns a string in asctime(3) format (but without “n0” at the end). This method is equivalent to strftime(‘%c’).
See also asctime(3) or ctime(3).
Returns a string in asctime(3) format (but without “n0” at the end). This method is equivalent to strftime(‘%c’).
See also asctime(3) or ctime(3).
This method is equivalent to strftime(‘%a, %d %b %Y %T GMT’). See also RFC 2616.