This method is an alias for http_header
, when HTML5
tag maker is inactive.
NOTE: use http_header
to create HTTP header blocks, this alias is only provided for backwards compatibility.
Using header
with the HTML5
tag maker will create a <header> element.
Creates a date object denoting the given week date.
The week and the day of week should be a negative or a positive number (as a relative week/day from the end of year/week when negative). They should not be zero.
Date.commercial(2001) #=> #<Date: 2001-01-01 ...> Date.commercial(2002) #=> #<Date: 2001-12-31 ...> Date.commercial(2001,5,6) #=> #<Date: 2001-02-03 ...>
Creates a DateTime
object denoting the given week date.
DateTime.commercial(2001) #=> #<DateTime: 2001-01-01T00:00:00+00:00 ...> DateTime.commercial(2002) #=> #<DateTime: 2001-12-31T00:00:00+00:00 ...> DateTime.commercial(2001,5,6,4,5,6,'+7') #=> #<DateTime: 2001-02-03T04:05:06+07:00 ...>
Same as Time.utc
, but interprets the values in the local time zone.
Time.local(2000,"jan",1,20,15,1) #=> 2000-01-01 20:15:01 -0600
Converts time to local time (using the local time zone in effect at the creation time of time) modifying the receiver.
If utc_offset
is given, it is used instead of the local time.
t = Time.utc(2000, "jan", 1, 20, 15, 1) #=> 2000-01-01 20:15:01 UTC t.utc? #=> true t.localtime #=> 2000-01-01 14:15:01 -0600 t.utc? #=> false t.localtime("+09:00") #=> 2000-01-02 05:15:01 +0900 t.utc? #=> false
If utc_offset
is not given and time is local time, just returns the receiver.
Returns a new Time
object representing time in UTC.
t = Time.local(2000,1,1,20,15,1) #=> 2000-01-01 20:15:01 -0600 t.gmt? #=> false y = t.getgm #=> 2000-01-02 02:15:01 UTC y.gmt? #=> true t == y #=> true
Returns a new Time
object representing time in UTC.
t = Time.local(2000,1,1,20,15,1) #=> 2000-01-01 20:15:01 -0600 t.gmt? #=> false y = t.getgm #=> 2000-01-02 02:15:01 UTC y.gmt? #=> true t == y #=> true
Floors subsecond to a given precision in decimal digits (0 digits by default). It returns a new Time
object. ndigits
should be zero or a positive integer.
t = Time.utc(2010,3,30, 5,43,25.123456789r) t #=> 2010-03-30 05:43:25.123456789 UTC t.floor #=> 2010-03-30 05:43:25 UTC t.floor(0) #=> 2010-03-30 05:43:25 UTC t.floor(1) #=> 2010-03-30 05:43:25.1 UTC t.floor(2) #=> 2010-03-30 05:43:25.12 UTC t.floor(3) #=> 2010-03-30 05:43:25.123 UTC t.floor(4) #=> 2010-03-30 05:43:25.1234 UTC t = Time.utc(1999,12,31, 23,59,59) (t + 0.4).floor #=> 1999-12-31 23:59:59 UTC (t + 0.9).floor #=> 1999-12-31 23:59:59 UTC (t + 1.4).floor #=> 2000-01-01 00:00:00 UTC (t + 1.9).floor #=> 2000-01-01 00:00:00 UTC t = Time.utc(1999,12,31, 23,59,59) (t + 0.123456789).floor(4) #=> 1999-12-31 23:59:59.1234 UTC
Closes the database.
Returns true if the database is closed, false otherwise.
Returns a Hash
(not a DBM
database) created by using each value in the database as a key, with the corresponding key as its value.
Returns true if the database contains the specified key, false otherwise.
Yields each member value from the struct to the block and returns an Array
containing the member values from the struct
for which the given block returns a true value (equivalent to Enumerable#select
).
Lots = Struct.new(:a, :b, :c, :d, :e, :f) l = Lots.new(11, 22, 33, 44, 55, 66) l.select {|v| v.even? } #=> [22, 44, 66]
Struct#filter
is an alias for Struct#select
.
Returns the struct members as an array of symbols:
Customer = Struct.new(:name, :address, :zip) joe = Customer.new("Joe Smith", "123 Maple, Anytown NC", 12345) joe.members #=> [:name, :address, :zip]
Reads and returns a character in raw mode.
See IO#raw
for details on the parameters.
You must require ‘io/console’ to use this method.
Reads and returns a line without echo back. Prints prompt
unless it is nil
.
The newline character that terminates the read line is removed from the returned string, see String#chomp!
.
You must require ‘io/console’ to use this method.
Returns true
if an IO
object is in non-blocking mode.
Enables non-blocking mode on a stream when set to true
, and blocking mode when set to false
.
Yields self
in non-blocking mode.
When false
is given as an argument, self
is yielded in blocking mode. The original mode is restored after the block is executed.
Reads the next “line” from the I/O stream; lines are separated by sep. A separator of nil
reads the entire contents, and a zero-length separator reads the input a paragraph at a time (two successive newlines in the input separate paragraphs). The stream must be opened for reading or an IOError
will be raised. The line read in will be returned and also assigned to $_
. Returns nil
if called at end of file. If the first argument is an integer, or optional second argument is given, the returning string would not be longer than the given value in bytes.
File.new("testfile").gets #=> "This is line one\n" $_ #=> "This is line one\n" File.new("testfile").gets(4)#=> "This"
If IO
contains multibyte characters byte then gets(1)
returns character entirely:
# Russian characters take 2 bytes File.write("testfile", "\u{442 435 441 442}") File.open("testfile") {|f|f.gets(1)} #=> "\u0442" File.open("testfile") {|f|f.gets(2)} #=> "\u0442" File.open("testfile") {|f|f.gets(3)} #=> "\u0442\u0435" File.open("testfile") {|f|f.gets(4)} #=> "\u0442\u0435"
Reads a one-character string from ios. Returns nil
if called at end of file.
f = File.new("testfile") f.getc #=> "h" f.getc #=> "e"
Gets the next 8-bit byte (0..255) from ios. Returns nil
if called at end of file.
f = File.new("testfile") f.getbyte #=> 84 f.getbyte #=> 104
Pushes back bytes (passed as a parameter) onto ios, such that a subsequent buffered read will return it. Only one byte may be pushed back before a subsequent read operation (that is, you will be able to read only the last of several bytes that have been pushed back). Has no effect with unbuffered reads (such as IO#sysread
).
f = File.new("testfile") #=> #<File:testfile> b = f.getbyte #=> 0x38 f.ungetbyte(b) #=> nil f.getbyte #=> 0x38
Pushes back one character (passed as a parameter) onto ios, such that a subsequent buffered character read will return it. Only one character may be pushed back before a subsequent read operation (that is, you will be able to read only the last of several characters that have been pushed back). Has no effect with unbuffered reads (such as IO#sysread
).
f = File.new("testfile") #=> #<File:testfile> c = f.getc #=> "8" f.ungetc(c) #=> nil f.getc #=> "8"
Closes ios and flushes any pending writes to the operating system. The stream is unavailable for any further data operations; an IOError
is raised if such an attempt is made. I/O streams are automatically closed when they are claimed by the garbage collector.
If ios is opened by IO.popen
, close
sets $?
.
Calling this method on closed IO
object is just ignored since Ruby 2.3.