Returns the path to the data store file.
Returns the full path name of the temporary file. This will be nil if unlink has been called.
Creates a temporary file as a usual File object (not a Tempfile). It does not use finalizer and delegation, which makes it more efficient and reliable.
If no block is given, this is similar to Tempfile.new except creating File instead of Tempfile. In that case, the created file is not removed automatically. You should use File.unlink to remove it.
If a block is given, then a File object will be constructed, and the block is invoked with the object as the argument. The File object will be automatically closed and the temporary file is removed after the block terminates, releasing all resources that the block created. The call returns the value of the block.
In any case, all arguments (basename, tmpdir, mode, and **options) will be treated the same as for Tempfile.new.
Tempfile.create('foo', '/home/temp') do |f| # ... do something with f ... end
returns main ractor
Returns the main thread.
Terminates thr and schedules another thread to be run, returning the terminated Thread. If this is the main thread, or the last thread, exits the process.
Returns the status of thr.
"sleep"
Returned if this thread is sleeping or waiting on I/O
"run"
When this thread is executing
"aborting"
If this thread is aborting
false
When this thread is terminated normally
nil
If terminated with an exception.
a = Thread.new { raise("die now") } b = Thread.new { Thread.stop } c = Thread.new { Thread.exit } d = Thread.new { sleep } d.kill #=> #<Thread:0x401b3678 aborting> a.status #=> nil b.status #=> "sleep" c.status #=> false d.status #=> "aborting" Thread.current.status #=> "run"
Obtains a lock, runs the block, and releases the lock when the block completes. See the example under Mutex.
Returns the maximum size of the queue.
Sets the maximum size of the queue to the given number.
Returns internal information of TracePoint.
The contents of the returned value are implementation specific. It may be changed in future.
This method is only for debugging TracePoint itself.
Path of the file being run
Create a new BigDecimal object.
The initial value, as an Integer, a Float, a Rational, a BigDecimal, or a String.
If it is a String, spaces are ignored and unrecognized characters terminate the value.
The number of significant digits, as an Integer. If omitted or 0, the number of significant digits is determined from the initial value.
The actual number of significant digits used in computation is usually larger than the specified number.
Whether an exception should be raised on invalid arguments. true by default, if passed false, just returns nil for invalid.
TypeError
If the initial type is neither Integer, Float, Rational, nor BigDecimal, this exception is raised.
TypeError
If the digits is not an Integer, this exception is raised.
ArgumentError
If initial is a Float, and the digits is larger than Float::DIG + 1, this exception is raised.
ArgumentError
If the initial is a Float or Rational, and the digits value is omitted, this exception is raised.
Creates a new Pathname object from the given string, path, and returns pathname object.
In order to use this constructor, you must first require the Pathname standard library extension.
require 'pathname' Pathname("/home/zzak") #=> #<Pathname:/home/zzak>
See also Pathname::new for more information.
Equivalent to:
$stdout.putc(int)
Refer to the documentation for IO#putc for important information regarding multi-byte characters.
Returns arg converted to a float. Numeric types are converted directly, and with exception to String and nil the rest are converted using arg.to_f. Converting a String with invalid characters will result in a ArgumentError. Converting nil generates a TypeError. Exceptions can be suppressed by passing exception: false.
Float(1) #=> 1.0 Float("123.456") #=> 123.456 Float("123.0_badstring") #=> ArgumentError: invalid value for Float(): "123.0_badstring" Float(nil) #=> TypeError: can't convert nil into Float Float("123.0_badstring", exception: false) #=> nil
Returns x/y or arg as a Rational.
Rational(2, 3) #=> (2/3) Rational(5) #=> (5/1) Rational(0.5) #=> (1/2) Rational(0.3) #=> (5404319552844595/18014398509481984) Rational("2/3") #=> (2/3) Rational("0.3") #=> (3/10) Rational("10 cents") #=> ArgumentError Rational(nil) #=> TypeError Rational(1, nil) #=> TypeError Rational("10 cents", exception: false) #=> nil
Syntax of the string form:
string form = extra spaces , rational , extra spaces ;
rational = [ sign ] , unsigned rational ;
unsigned rational = numerator | numerator , "/" , denominator ;
numerator = integer part | fractional part | integer part , fractional part ;
denominator = digits ;
integer part = digits ;
fractional part = "." , digits , [ ( "e" | "E" ) , [ sign ] , digits ] ;
sign = "-" | "+" ;
digits = digit , { digit | "_" , digit } ;
digit = "0" | "1" | "2" | "3" | "4" | "5" | "6" | "7" | "8" | "9" ;
extra spaces = ? \s* ? ;
See also String#to_r.
Equivalent to ($_.dup).chop!, except nil is never returned. See String#chop!. Available only when -p/-n command line option specified.
Equivalent to $_ = $_.chomp(string). See String#chomp. Available only when -p/-n command line option specified.
Deprecated. Use block_given? instead.
Returns a new array with the results of running block once for every element in enum.
If no block is given, an enumerator is returned instead.
(1..4).map { |i| i*i } #=> [1, 4, 9, 16] (1..4).collect { "cat" } #=> ["cat", "cat", "cat", "cat"]
Returns the object in enum with the maximum value. The first form assumes all objects implement <=>; the second uses the block to return a <=> b.
a = %w(albatross dog horse) a.max #=> "horse" a.max { |a, b| a.length <=> b.length } #=> "albatross"
If the n argument is given, maximum n elements are returned as an array, sorted in descending order.
a = %w[albatross dog horse] a.max(2) #=> ["horse", "dog"] a.max(2) {|a, b| a.length <=> b.length } #=> ["albatross", "horse"] [5, 1, 3, 4, 2].max(3) #=> [5, 4, 3]
Returns a two element array which contains the minimum and the maximum value in the enumerable. The first form assumes all objects implement <=>; the second uses the block to return a <=> b.
a = %w(albatross dog horse) a.minmax #=> ["albatross", "horse"] a.minmax { |a, b| a.length <=> b.length } #=> ["dog", "albatross"]
Enumerates over the items, chunking them together based on the return value of the block.
Consecutive elements which return the same block value are chunked together.
For example, consecutive even numbers and odd numbers can be chunked as follows.
[3, 1, 4, 1, 5, 9, 2, 6, 5, 3, 5].chunk { |n| n.even? }.each { |even, ary| p [even, ary] } #=> [false, [3, 1]] # [true, [4]] # [false, [1, 5, 9]] # [true, [2, 6]] # [false, [5, 3, 5]]
This method is especially useful for sorted series of elements. The following example counts words for each initial letter.
open("/usr/share/dict/words", "r:iso-8859-1") { |f| f.chunk { |line| line.upcase.ord }.each { |ch, lines| p [ch.chr, lines.length] } } #=> ["\n", 1] # ["A", 1327] # ["B", 1372] # ["C", 1507] # ["D", 791] # ...
The following key values have special meaning:
nil and :_separator specifies that the elements should be dropped.
:_alone specifies that the element should be chunked by itself.
Any other symbols that begin with an underscore will raise an error:
items.chunk { |item| :_underscore } #=> RuntimeError: symbols beginning with an underscore are reserved
nil and :_separator can be used to ignore some elements.
For example, the sequence of hyphens in svn log can be eliminated as follows:
sep = "-"*72 + "\n" IO.popen("svn log README") { |f| f.chunk { |line| line != sep || nil }.each { |_, lines| pp lines } } #=> ["r20018 | knu | 2008-10-29 13:20:42 +0900 (Wed, 29 Oct 2008) | 2 lines\n", # "\n", # "* README, README.ja: Update the portability section.\n", # "\n"] # ["r16725 | knu | 2008-05-31 23:34:23 +0900 (Sat, 31 May 2008) | 2 lines\n", # "\n", # "* README, README.ja: Add a note about default C flags.\n", # "\n"] # ...
Paragraphs separated by empty lines can be parsed as follows:
File.foreach("README").chunk { |line| /\A\s*\z/ !~ line || nil }.each { |_, lines| pp lines }
:_alone can be used to force items into their own chunk. For example, you can put lines that contain a URL by themselves, and chunk the rest of the lines together, like this:
pattern = /http/ open(filename) { |f| f.chunk { |line| line =~ pattern ? :_alone : true }.each { |key, lines| pp lines } }
If no block is given, an enumerator to ‘chunk` is returned instead.
Returns an enumerator object generated from this enumerator and given enumerables.
e = (1..3).chain([4, 5]) e.to_a #=> [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]