Returns true
if this is an orthogonal matrix Raises an error if matrix is not square.
Returns true
if this is a permutation matrix Raises an error if matrix is not square.
Returns true
if all entries of the matrix are real.
Returns true
if this is a unitary matrix Raises an error if matrix is not square.
Returns a new matrix resulting by stacking horizontally the receiver with the given matrices
x = Matrix[[1, 2], [3, 4]] y = Matrix[[5, 6], [7, 8]] x.hstack(y) # => Matrix[[1, 2, 5, 6], [3, 4, 7, 8]]
Returns a new matrix resulting by stacking vertically the receiver with the given matrices
x = Matrix[[1, 2], [3, 4]] y = Matrix[[5, 6], [7, 8]] x.vstack(y) # => Matrix[[1, 2], [3, 4], [5, 6], [7, 8]]
Returns the real part of the matrix.
Matrix[[Complex(1,2), Complex(0,1), 0], [1, 2, 3]] # => 1+2i i 0 # 1 2 3 Matrix[[Complex(1,2), Complex(0,1), 0], [1, 2, 3]].real # => 1 0 0 # 1 2 3
Collects (as in Enumerable#collect
) over the elements of this vector and v
in conjunction.
Like Array#collect
.
Returns a new vector with the same direction but with norm 1.
v = Vector[5,8,2].normalize # => Vector[0.5184758473652127, 0.8295613557843402, 0.20739033894608505] v.norm # => 1.0
Looks up the first IP address for name
.
Looks up all IP address for name
.
Looks up the first IP address for name
.
Looks up all IP address for name
.
Take a message from ractor’s outgoing port, which was put there by Ractor.yield
or at ractor’s finalization.
r = Ractor.new do Ractor.yield 'explicit yield' 'last value' end puts r.take #=> 'explicit yield' puts r.take #=> 'last value' puts r.take # Ractor::ClosedError (The outgoing-port is already closed)
The fact that the last value is also put to outgoing port means that take
can be used as some analog of Thread#join
(“just wait till ractor finishes”), but don’t forget it will raise if somebody had already consumed everything ractor have produced.
If the outgoing port was closed with close_outgoing
, the method will raise Ractor::ClosedError
.
r = Ractor.new do sleep(500) Ractor.yield 'Hello from ractor' end r.close_outgoing r.take # Ractor::ClosedError (The outgoing-port is already closed) # The error would be raised immediately, not when ractor will try to receive
If an uncaught exception is raised in the Ractor
, it is propagated on take as a Ractor::RemoteError
.
r = Ractor.new {raise "Something weird happened"} begin r.take rescue => e p e # => #<Ractor::RemoteError: thrown by remote Ractor.> p e.ractor == r # => true p e.cause # => #<RuntimeError: Something weird happened> end
Ractor::ClosedError
is a descendant of StopIteration
, so the closing of the ractor will break the loops without propagating the error:
r = Ractor.new do 3.times {|i| Ractor.yield "message #{i}"} "finishing" end loop {puts "Received: " + r.take} puts "Continue successfully"
This will print:
Received: message 0 Received: message 1 Received: message 2 Received: finishing Continue successfully
Basically the same as ::new
. However, if class Thread
is subclassed, then calling start
in that subclass will not invoke the subclass’s initialize
method.
Causes the given thread
to exit, see also Thread::exit
.
count = 0 a = Thread.new { loop { count += 1 } } sleep(0.1) #=> 0 Thread.kill(a) #=> #<Thread:0x401b3d30 dead> count #=> 93947 a.alive? #=> false
Waits for thr
to complete, using join
, and returns its value or raises the exception which terminated the thread.
a = Thread.new { 2 + 2 } a.value #=> 4 b = Thread.new { raise 'something went wrong' } b.value #=> RuntimeError: something went wrong
Terminates thr
and schedules another thread to be run, returning the terminated Thread
. If this is the main thread, or the last thread, exits the process.
Returns the status of thr
.
"sleep"
Returned if this thread is sleeping or waiting on I/O
"run"
When this thread is executing
"aborting"
If this thread is aborting
false
When this thread is terminated normally
nil
If terminated with an exception.
a = Thread.new { raise("die now") } b = Thread.new { Thread.stop } c = Thread.new { Thread.exit } d = Thread.new { sleep } d.kill #=> #<Thread:0x401b3678 aborting> a.status #=> nil b.status #=> "sleep" c.status #=> false d.status #=> "aborting" Thread.current.status #=> "run"
Returns true
if thr
is running or sleeping.
thr = Thread.new { } thr.join #=> #<Thread:0x401b3fb0 dead> Thread.current.alive? #=> true thr.alive? #=> false
Wakes up the first thread in line waiting for this lock.
Returns internal information of TracePoint
.
The contents of the returned value are implementation specific. It may be changed in future.
This method is only for debugging TracePoint
itself.