Reads at most maxlen bytes from ios using the read(2) system call after O_NONBLOCK is set for the underlying file descriptor.
If the optional outbuf argument is present, it must reference a String
, which will receive the data. The outbuf will contain only the received data after the method call even if it is not empty at the beginning.
read_nonblock
just calls the read(2) system call. It causes all errors the read(2) system call causes: Errno::EWOULDBLOCK, Errno::EINTR, etc. The caller should care such errors.
If the exception is Errno::EWOULDBLOCK or Errno::EAGAIN, it is extended by IO::WaitReadable
. So IO::WaitReadable
can be used to rescue the exceptions for retrying read_nonblock.
read_nonblock
causes EOFError
on EOF.
On some platforms, such as Windows, non-blocking mode is not supported on IO
objects other than sockets. In such cases, Errno::EBADF will be raised.
If the read byte buffer is not empty, read_nonblock
reads from the buffer like readpartial. In this case, the read(2) system call is not called.
When read_nonblock
raises an exception kind of IO::WaitReadable
, read_nonblock
should not be called until io is readable for avoiding busy loop. This can be done as follows.
# emulates blocking read (readpartial). begin result = io.read_nonblock(maxlen) rescue IO::WaitReadable IO.select([io]) retry end
Although IO#read_nonblock
doesn’t raise IO::WaitWritable
. OpenSSL::Buffering#read_nonblock
can raise IO::WaitWritable
. If IO
and SSL should be used polymorphically, IO::WaitWritable
should be rescued too. See the document of OpenSSL::Buffering#read_nonblock
for sample code.
Note that this method is identical to readpartial except the non-blocking flag is set.
By specifying a keyword argument exception to false
, you can indicate that read_nonblock
should not raise an IO::WaitReadable
exception, but return the symbol :wait_readable
instead. At EOF, it will return nil instead of raising EOFError
.
Executes block for each key in the database, passing the key and the corresponding value as a parameter.
Returns a hash, that will be turned into a JSON
object and represent this object.
Stores class name (OpenStruct
) with this struct’s values t
as a JSON
string.
Yields all attributes (as symbols) along with the corresponding values or returns an enumerator if no block is given.
require "ostruct" data = OpenStruct.new("country" => "Australia", :capital => "Canberra") data.each_pair.to_a # => [[:country, "Australia"], [:capital, "Canberra"]]
Provides marshalling support for use by the Marshal
library.
Provides marshalling support for use by the Marshal
library.
Returns a hash, that will be turned into a JSON
object and represent this object.
Stores class name (Range
) with JSON
array of arguments a
which include first
(integer), last
(integer), and exclude_end?
(boolean) as JSON
string.
Deserializes JSON
string by constructing new Regexp
object with source s
(Regexp
or String
) and options o
serialized by to_json
Returns a hash, that will be turned into a JSON
object and represent this object.
return the JSON
value
Returns a hash, that will be turned into a JSON
object and represent this object.
Returns true if sym
ends with one of the suffixes
given.
:hello.end_with?("ello") #=> true # returns true if one of the +suffixes+ matches. :hello.end_with?("heaven", "ello") #=> true :hello.end_with?("heaven", "paradise") #=> false
Returns true if this class can be used to create an instance from a serialised JSON
string. The class has to implement a class method json_create that expects a hash as first parameter. The hash should include the required data.