Results for: "module_function"

Deprecated.

Use map(&:to_r)

Returns an angle with another vector. Result is within the [0..Math::PI].

Vector[1,0].angle_with(Vector[0,1])
# => Math::PI / 2

Outputs obj to out like PP.pp but with no indent and newline.

PP.singleline_pp returns out.

This is similar to PrettyPrint::format but the result has no breaks.

maxwidth, newline and genspace are ignored.

The invocation of breakable in the block doesn’t break a line and is treated as just an invocation of text.

This is similar to breakable except the decision to break or not is determined individually.

Two fill_breakable under a group may cause 4 results: (break,break), (break,non-break), (non-break,break), (non-break,non-break). This is different to breakable because two breakable under a group may cause 2 results: (break,break), (non-break,non-break).

The text sep is inserted if a line is not broken at this point.

If sep is not specified, “ ” is used.

If width is not specified, sep.length is used. You will have to specify this when sep is a multibyte character, for example.

Returns a Method of superclass which would be called when super is used or nil if there is no method on superclass.

Returns a Method of superclass which would be called when super is used or nil if there is no method on superclass.

Changes asynchronous interrupt timing.

interrupt means asynchronous event and corresponding procedure by Thread#raise, Thread#kill, signal trap (not supported yet) and main thread termination (if main thread terminates, then all other thread will be killed).

The given hash has pairs like ExceptionClass => :TimingSymbol. Where the ExceptionClass is the interrupt handled by the given block. The TimingSymbol can be one of the following symbols:

:immediate

Invoke interrupts immediately.

:on_blocking

Invoke interrupts while BlockingOperation.

:never

Never invoke all interrupts.

BlockingOperation means that the operation will block the calling thread, such as read and write. On CRuby implementation, BlockingOperation is any operation executed without GVL.

Masked asynchronous interrupts are delayed until they are enabled. This method is similar to sigprocmask(3).

NOTE

Asynchronous interrupts are difficult to use.

If you need to communicate between threads, please consider to use another way such as Queue.

Or use them with deep understanding about this method.

Usage

In this example, we can guard from Thread#raise exceptions.

Using the :never TimingSymbol the RuntimeError exception will always be ignored in the first block of the main thread. In the second ::handle_interrupt block we can purposefully handle RuntimeError exceptions.

th = Thread.new do
  Thread.handle_interrupt(RuntimeError => :never) {
    begin
      # You can write resource allocation code safely.
      Thread.handle_interrupt(RuntimeError => :immediate) {
        # ...
      }
    ensure
      # You can write resource deallocation code safely.
    end
  }
end
Thread.pass
# ...
th.raise "stop"

While we are ignoring the RuntimeError exception, it’s safe to write our resource allocation code. Then, the ensure block is where we can safely deallocate your resources.

Guarding from Timeout::Error

In the next example, we will guard from the Timeout::Error exception. This will help prevent from leaking resources when Timeout::Error exceptions occur during normal ensure clause. For this example we use the help of the standard library Timeout, from lib/timeout.rb

require 'timeout'
Thread.handle_interrupt(Timeout::Error => :never) {
  timeout(10){
    # Timeout::Error doesn't occur here
    Thread.handle_interrupt(Timeout::Error => :on_blocking) {
      # possible to be killed by Timeout::Error
      # while blocking operation
    }
    # Timeout::Error doesn't occur here
  }
}

In the first part of the timeout block, we can rely on Timeout::Error being ignored. Then in the Timeout::Error => :on_blocking block, any operation that will block the calling thread is susceptible to a Timeout::Error exception being raised.

Stack control settings

It’s possible to stack multiple levels of ::handle_interrupt blocks in order to control more than one ExceptionClass and TimingSymbol at a time.

Thread.handle_interrupt(FooError => :never) {
  Thread.handle_interrupt(BarError => :never) {
     # FooError and BarError are prohibited.
  }
}

Inheritance with ExceptionClass

All exceptions inherited from the ExceptionClass parameter will be considered.

Thread.handle_interrupt(Exception => :never) {
  # all exceptions inherited from Exception are prohibited.
}

Returns an array of the names of the thread-local variables (as Symbols).

thr = Thread.new do
  Thread.current.thread_variable_set(:cat, 'meow')
  Thread.current.thread_variable_set("dog", 'woof')
end
thr.join               #=> #<Thread:0x401b3f10 dead>
thr.thread_variables   #=> [:dog, :cat]

Note that these are not fiber local variables. Please see Thread#[] and Thread#thread_variable_get for more details.

Returns true if the given string (or symbol) exists as a thread-local variable.

me = Thread.current
me.thread_variable_set(:oliver, "a")
me.thread_variable?(:oliver)    #=> true
me.thread_variable?(:stanley)   #=> false

Note that these are not fiber local variables. Please see Thread#[] and Thread#thread_variable_get for more details.

Returns the safe level.

This method is obsolete because $SAFE is a process global state. Simply check $SAFE.

Return the name at the definition of the method being called

Return the called name of the method being called

Returns an array of the names of global variables.

global_variables.grep /std/   #=> [:$stdin, :$stdout, :$stderr]

Returns the names of the current local variables.

fred = 1
for i in 1..10
   # ...
end
local_variables   #=> [:fred, :i]

Passes elements to the block until the block returns nil or false, then stops iterating and returns an array of all prior elements.

If no block is given, an enumerator is returned instead.

a = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 0]
a.take_while { |i| i < 3 }   #=> [1, 2]

Drops elements up to, but not including, the first element for which the block returns nil or false and returns an array containing the remaining elements.

If no block is given, an enumerator is returned instead.

a = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 0]
a.drop_while { |i| i < 3 }   #=> [3, 4, 5, 0]

Returns a hash that contains filename as key and coverage array as value. This is the same as ‘Coverage.result(stop: false, clear: false)`.

{
  "file.rb" => [1, 2, nil],
  ...
}

Dump the contents of the ruby heap as JSON.

This method is only expected to work with C Ruby. This is an experimental method and is subject to change. In particular, the function signature and output format are not guaranteed to be compatible in future versions of ruby.

Parse a file at filename. Returns the Psych::Nodes::Document.

Raises a Psych::SyntaxError when a YAML syntax error is detected.

Dump a list of objects as separate documents to a document stream.

Example:

Psych.dump_stream("foo\n  ", {}) # => "--- ! \"foo\\n  \"\n--- {}\n"