Returns an empty resolution state @return [ResolutionState] an empty state
creates TCP/IP server sockets for host and port. host is optional.
If no block given, it returns an array of listening sockets.
If a block is given, the block is called with the sockets. The value of the block is returned. The socket is closed when this method returns.
If port is 0, actual port number is chosen dynamically. However all sockets in the result has same port number.
# tcp_server_sockets returns two sockets. sockets = Socket.tcp_server_sockets(1296) p sockets #=> [#<Socket:fd 3>, #<Socket:fd 4>] # The sockets contains IPv6 and IPv4 sockets. sockets.each {|s| p s.local_address } #=> #<Addrinfo: [::]:1296 TCP> # #<Addrinfo: 0.0.0.0:1296 TCP> # IPv6 and IPv4 socket has same port number, 53114, even if it is chosen dynamically. sockets = Socket.tcp_server_sockets(0) sockets.each {|s| p s.local_address } #=> #<Addrinfo: [::]:53114 TCP> # #<Addrinfo: 0.0.0.0:53114 TCP> # The block is called with the sockets. Socket.tcp_server_sockets(0) {|sockets| p sockets #=> [#<Socket:fd 3>, #<Socket:fd 4>] }
creates a TCP/IP server on port and calls the block for each connection accepted. The block is called with a socket and a client_address as an Addrinfo object.
If host is specified, it is used with port to determine the server addresses.
The socket is not closed when the block returns. So application should close it explicitly.
This method calls the block sequentially. It means that the next connection is not accepted until the block returns. So concurrent mechanism, thread for example, should be used to service multiple clients at a time.
Note that Addrinfo.getaddrinfo is used to determine the server socket addresses. When Addrinfo.getaddrinfo returns two or more addresses, IPv4 and IPv6 address for example, all of them are used. Socket.tcp_server_loop succeeds if one socket can be used at least.
# Sequential echo server. # It services only one client at a time. Socket.tcp_server_loop(16807) {|sock, client_addrinfo| begin IO.copy_stream(sock, sock) ensure sock.close end } # Threaded echo server # It services multiple clients at a time. # Note that it may accept connections too much. Socket.tcp_server_loop(16807) {|sock, client_addrinfo| Thread.new { begin IO.copy_stream(sock, sock) ensure sock.close end } }
Creates UDP/IP sockets for a UDP server.
If no block given, it returns an array of sockets.
If a block is given, the block is called with the sockets. The value of the block is returned. The sockets are closed when this method returns.
If port is zero, some port is chosen. But the chosen port is used for the all sockets.
# UDP/IP echo server Socket.udp_server_sockets(0) {|sockets| p sockets.first.local_address.ip_port #=> 32963 Socket.udp_server_loop_on(sockets) {|msg, msg_src| msg_src.reply msg } }
creates a UDP/IP server on port and calls the block for each message arrived. The block is called with the message and its source information.
This method allocates sockets internally using port. If host is specified, it is used conjunction with port to determine the server addresses.
The msg is a string.
The msg_src is a Socket::UDPSource object. It is used for reply.
# UDP/IP echo server. Socket.udp_server_loop(9261) {|msg, msg_src| msg_src.reply msg }
creates a UNIX server socket on path
If no block given, it returns a listening socket.
If a block is given, it is called with the socket and the block value is returned. When the block exits, the socket is closed and the socket file is removed.
socket = Socket.unix_server_socket("/tmp/s") p socket #=> #<Socket:fd 3> p socket.local_address #=> #<Addrinfo: /tmp/s SOCK_STREAM> Socket.unix_server_socket("/tmp/sock") {|s| p s #=> #<Socket:fd 3> p s.local_address #=> # #<Addrinfo: /tmp/sock SOCK_STREAM> }
creates a UNIX socket server on path. It calls the block for each socket accepted.
If host is specified, it is used with port to determine the server ports.
The socket is not closed when the block returns. So application should close it.
This method deletes the socket file pointed by path at first if the file is a socket file and it is owned by the user of the application. This is safe only if the directory of path is not changed by a malicious user. So don’t use /tmp/malicious-users-directory/socket. Note that /tmp/socket and /tmp/your-private-directory/socket is safe assuming that /tmp has sticky bit.
# Sequential echo server. # It services only one client at a time. Socket.unix_server_loop("/tmp/sock") {|sock, client_addrinfo| begin IO.copy_stream(sock, sock) ensure sock.close end }
Initialize WIN32OLE object(ActiveX Control) by calling IPersistMemory::InitNew.
Before calling OLE method, some kind of the ActiveX controls created with MFC should be initialized by calling IPersistXXX::InitNew.
If and only if you received the exception “HRESULT error code: 0x8000ffff catastrophic failure”, try this method before invoking any ole_method.
obj = WIN32OLE.new("ProgID_or_GUID_of_ActiveX_Control")
obj.ole_activex_initialize
obj.method(...)
Returns detail information of return value type of method. The information is array.
tobj = WIN32OLE_TYPE.new('Microsoft Excel 9.0 Object Library', 'Workbooks') method = WIN32OLE_METHOD.new(tobj, 'Add') p method.return_type_detail # => ["PTR", "USERDEFINED", "Workbook"]
Returns the array of WIN32OLE_TYPE object which is implemented by the WIN32OLE_TYPE object.
tobj = WIN32OLE_TYPE.new('Microsoft Excel 9.0 Object Library', 'Worksheet') p tobj.implemented_ole_types # => [_Worksheet, DocEvents]
Returns the array of WIN32OLE_TYPE object which is implemented by the WIN32OLE_TYPE object and having IMPLTYPEFLAG_FSOURCE and IMPLTYPEFLAG_FDEFAULT.
tobj = WIN32OLE_TYPE.new('Microsoft Internet Controls', "InternetExplorer") p tobj.default_event_sources # => [#<WIN32OLE_TYPE:DWebBrowserEvents2>]
Render a template on a new toplevel binding with local variables specified by a Hash object.
The block passed to this method will be called just before running the RDoc generator. It is allowed to modify RDoc::Task attributes inside the block.
Returns the value of a thread local variable that has been set. Note that these are different than fiber local values. For fiber local values, please see Thread#[] and Thread#[]=.
Thread local values are carried along with threads, and do not respect fibers. For example:
Thread.new { Thread.current.thread_variable_set("foo", "bar") # set a thread local Thread.current["foo"] = "bar" # set a fiber local Fiber.new { Fiber.yield [ Thread.current.thread_variable_get("foo"), # get the thread local Thread.current["foo"], # get the fiber local ] }.resume }.join.value # => ['bar', nil]
The value “bar” is returned for the thread local, where nil is returned for the fiber local. The fiber is executed in the same thread, so the thread local values are available.
Sets a thread local with key to value. Note that these are local to threads, and not to fibers. Please see Thread#thread_variable_get and Thread#[] for more information.
Return consuming memory size of all living objects.
If klass (should be Class object) is given, return the total memory size of instances of the given class.
Note that the returned size is incomplete. You need to deal with this information as only a HINT. Especially, the size of T_DATA may not be correct.
Note that this method does NOT return total malloc’ed memory size.
This method can be defined by the following Ruby code:
def memsize_of_all klass = false total = 0 ObjectSpace.each_object{|e| total += ObjectSpace.memsize_of(e) if klass == false || e.kind_of?(klass) } total end
This method is only expected to work with C Ruby.
Return all reachable objects from ‘obj’.
This method returns all reachable objects from ‘obj’.
If ‘obj’ has two or more references to the same object ‘x’, then returned array only includes one ‘x’ object.
If ‘obj’ is a non-markable (non-heap management) object such as true, false, nil, symbols and Fixnums (and Flonum) then it simply returns nil.
If ‘obj’ has references to an internal object, then it returns instances of ObjectSpace::InternalObjectWrapper class. This object contains a reference to an internal object and you can check the type of internal object with ‘type’ method.
If ‘obj’ is instance of ObjectSpace::InternalObjectWrapper class, then this method returns all reachable object from an internal object, which is pointed by ‘obj’.
With this method, you can find memory leaks.
This method is only expected to work except with C Ruby.
Example:
ObjectSpace.reachable_objects_from(['a', 'b', 'c']) #=> [Array, 'a', 'b', 'c'] ObjectSpace.reachable_objects_from(['a', 'a', 'a']) #=> [Array, 'a', 'a', 'a'] # all 'a' strings have different object id ObjectSpace.reachable_objects_from([v = 'a', v, v]) #=> [Array, 'a'] ObjectSpace.reachable_objects_from(1) #=> nil # 1 is not markable (heap managed) object
For debugging the Ruby/OpenSSL library. Calls CRYPTO_mem_leaks_fp(stderr). Prints detected memory leaks to standard error. This cleans the global state up thus you cannot use any methods of the library after calling this.
Returns true if leaks detected, false otherwise.
This is available only when built with a capable OpenSSL and –enable-debug configure option.
OpenSSL.mem_check_start NOT_GCED = OpenSSL::PKey::RSA.new(256) END { GC.start OpenSSL.print_mem_leaks # will print the leakage }
Set terminal size to rows and columns.
See GNU Readline’s rl_set_screen_size function.
Raises NotImplementedError if the using readline library does not support.
Returns the terminal’s rows and columns.
See GNU Readline’s rl_get_screen_size function.
Raises NotImplementedError if the using readline library does not support.