If numeric is the same type as num, returns an array [numeric, num]. Otherwise, returns an array with both numeric and num represented as Float objects.
This coercion mechanism is used by Ruby to handle mixed-type numeric operations: it is intended to find a compatible common type between the two operands of the operator.
1.coerce(2.5) #=> [2.5, 1.0] 1.2.coerce(3) #=> [3.0, 1.2] 1.coerce(2) #=> [2, 1]
Returns the receiver. freeze cannot be false.
Returns true if num has a zero value.
Returns true if num is greater than 0.
Returns true if num is less than 0.
Returns the numerator.
Returns whether self‘s encoding is EUC-JP or not.
Case-insensitive version of String#<=>. Currently, case-insensitivity only works on characters A-Z/a-z, not all of Unicode. This is different from String#casecmp?.
"aBcDeF".casecmp("abcde") #=> 1 "aBcDeF".casecmp("abcdef") #=> 0 "aBcDeF".casecmp("abcdefg") #=> -1 "abcdef".casecmp("ABCDEF") #=> 0
nil is returned if the two strings have incompatible encodings, or if other_str is not a string.
"foo".casecmp(2) #=> nil "\u{e4 f6 fc}".encode("ISO-8859-1").casecmp("\u{c4 d6 dc}") #=> nil
Returns true if str and other_str are equal after Unicode case folding, false if they are not equal.
"aBcDeF".casecmp?("abcde") #=> false "aBcDeF".casecmp?("abcdef") #=> true "aBcDeF".casecmp?("abcdefg") #=> false "abcdef".casecmp?("ABCDEF") #=> true "\u{e4 f6 fc}".casecmp?("\u{c4 d6 dc}") #=> true
nil is returned if the two strings have incompatible encodings, or if other_str is not a string.
"foo".casecmp?(2) #=> nil "\u{e4 f6 fc}".encode("ISO-8859-1").casecmp?("\u{c4 d6 dc}") #=> nil
Returns true if str has a length of zero.
"hello".empty? #=> false " ".empty? #=> false "".empty? #=> true
Iterates through successive values, starting at str and ending at other_str inclusive, passing each value in turn to the block. The String#succ method is used to generate each value. If optional second argument exclusive is omitted or is false, the last value will be included; otherwise it will be excluded.
If no block is given, an enumerator is returned instead.
"a8".upto("b6") {|s| print s, ' ' } for s in "a8".."b6" print s, ' ' end
produces:
a8 a9 b0 b1 b2 b3 b4 b5 b6 a8 a9 b0 b1 b2 b3 b4 b5 b6
If str and other_str contains only ascii numeric characters, both are recognized as decimal numbers. In addition, the width of string (e.g. leading zeros) is handled appropriately.
"9".upto("11").to_a #=> ["9", "10", "11"] "25".upto("5").to_a #=> [] "07".upto("11").to_a #=> ["07", "08", "09", "10", "11"]
modifies the indexth byte as integer.
Returns a copy of str with all lowercase letters replaced with their uppercase counterparts.
See String#downcase for meaning of options and use with different encodings.
"hEllO".upcase #=> "HELLO"
Returns a copy of str with all uppercase letters replaced with their lowercase counterparts. Which letters exactly are replaced, and by which other letters, depends on the presence or absence of options, and on the encoding of the string.
The meaning of the options is as follows:
Full Unicode case mapping, suitable for most languages (see :turkic and :lithuanian options below for exceptions). Context-dependent case mapping as described in Table 3-14 of the Unicode standard is currently not supported.
Only the ASCII region, i.e. the characters “A” to “Z” and “a” to “z”, are affected. This option cannot be combined with any other option.
Full Unicode case mapping, adapted for Turkic languages (Turkish, Aserbaijani,…). This means that upper case I is mapped to lower case dotless i, and so on.
Currently, just full Unicode case mapping. In the future, full Unicode case mapping adapted for Lithuanian (keeping the dot on the lower case i even if there is an accent on top).
Only available on downcase and downcase!. Unicode case folding, which is more far-reaching than Unicode case mapping. This option currently cannot be combined with any other option (i.e. there is currenty no variant for turkic languages).
Please note that several assumptions that are valid for ASCII-only case conversions do not hold for more general case conversions. For example, the length of the result may not be the same as the length of the input (neither in characters nor in bytes), some roundtrip assumptions (e.g. str.downcase == str.upcase.downcase) may not apply, and Unicode normalization (i.e. String#unicode_normalize) is not necessarily maintained by case mapping operations.
Non-ASCII case mapping/folding is currently supported for UTF-8, UTF-16BE/LE, UTF-32BE/LE, and ISO-8859-1~16 Strings/Symbols. This support will be extended to other encodings.
"hEllO".downcase #=> "hello"
Returns a copy of str with uppercase alphabetic characters converted to lowercase and lowercase characters converted to uppercase.
See String#downcase for meaning of options and use with different encodings.
"Hello".swapcase #=> "hELLO" "cYbEr_PuNk11".swapcase #=> "CyBeR_pUnK11"
Upcases the contents of str, returning nil if no changes were made.
See String#downcase for meaning of options and use with different encodings.
Downcases the contents of str, returning nil if no changes were made.
See String#downcase for meaning of options and use with different encodings.
Equivalent to String#swapcase, but modifies the receiver in place, returning str, or nil if no changes were made.
See String#downcase for meaning of options and use with different encodings.
Concatenates the given object(s) to str. If an object is an Integer, it is considered a codepoint and converted to a character before concatenation.
concat can take multiple arguments, and all the arguments are concatenated in order.
a = "hello " a.concat("world", 33) #=> "hello world!" a #=> "hello world!" b = "sn" b.concat("_", b, "_", b) #=> "sn_sn_sn"
See also String#<<, which takes a single argument.
Applies a one-way cryptographic hash to str by invoking the standard library function crypt(3) with the given salt string. While the format and the result are system and implementation dependent, using a salt matching the regular expression \A[a-zA-Z0-9./]{2} should be valid and safe on any platform, in which only the first two characters are significant.
This method is for use in system specific scripts, so if you want a cross-platform hash function consider using Digest or OpenSSL instead.
Returns the Symbol corresponding to str, creating the symbol if it did not previously exist. See Symbol#id2name.
"Koala".intern #=> :Koala s = 'cat'.to_sym #=> :cat s == :cat #=> true s = '@cat'.to_sym #=> :@cat s == :@cat #=> true
This can also be used to create symbols that cannot be represented using the :xxx notation.
'cat and dog'.to_sym #=> :"cat and dog"