Results for: "Array.new"

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Returns a new, empty hash. If this hash is subsequently accessed by a key that doesn’t correspond to a hash entry, the value returned depends on the style of new used to create the hash. In the first form, the access returns nil. If obj is specified, this single object will be used for all default values. If a block is specified, it will be called with the hash object and the key, and should return the default value. It is the block’s responsibility to store the value in the hash if required.

h = Hash.new("Go Fish")
h["a"] = 100
h["b"] = 200
h["a"]           #=> 100
h["c"]           #=> "Go Fish"
# The following alters the single default object
h["c"].upcase!   #=> "GO FISH"
h["d"]           #=> "GO FISH"
h.keys           #=> ["a", "b"]

# While this creates a new default object each time
h = Hash.new { |hash, key| hash[key] = "Go Fish: #{key}" }
h["c"]           #=> "Go Fish: c"
h["c"].upcase!   #=> "GO FISH: C"
h["d"]           #=> "Go Fish: d"
h.keys           #=> ["c", "d"]

Create a new CGI instance.

tag_maker

This is the same as using the options_hash form with the value { :tag_maker => tag_maker } Note that it is recommended to use the options_hash form, since it also allows you specify the charset you will accept.

options_hash

A Hash that recognizes three options:

:accept_charset

specifies encoding of received query string. If omitted, @@accept_charset is used. If the encoding is not valid, a CGI::InvalidEncoding will be raised.

Example. Suppose @@accept_charset is “UTF-8”

when not specified:

cgi=CGI.new      # @accept_charset # => "UTF-8"

when specified as “EUC-JP”:

cgi=CGI.new(:accept_charset => "EUC-JP") # => "EUC-JP"

:tag_maker

String that specifies which version of the HTML generation methods to use. If not specified, no HTML generation methods will be loaded.

The following values are supported:

“html3”

HTML 3.x

“html4”

HTML 4.0

“html4Tr”

HTML 4.0 Transitional

“html4Fr”

HTML 4.0 with Framesets

“html5”

HTML 5

:max_multipart_length

Specifies maximum length of multipart data. Can be an Integer scalar or a lambda, that will be evaluated when the request is parsed. This allows more complex logic to be set when determining whether to accept multipart data (e.g. consult a registered users upload allowance)

Default is 128 * 1024 * 1024 bytes

cgi=CGI.new(:max_multipart_length => 268435456) # simple scalar

cgi=CGI.new(:max_multipart_length => -> {check_filesystem}) # lambda

block

If provided, the block is called when an invalid encoding is encountered. For example:

encoding_errors={}
cgi=CGI.new(:accept_charset=>"EUC-JP") do |name,value|
  encoding_errors[name] = value
end

Finally, if the CGI object is not created in a standard CGI call environment (that is, it can’t locate REQUEST_METHOD in its environment), then it will run in “offline” mode. In this mode, it reads its parameters from the command line or (failing that) from standard input. Otherwise, cookies and other parameters are parsed automatically from the standard CGI locations, which varies according to the REQUEST_METHOD.

This constructor will wrap either a String or IO object passed in data for reading and/or writing. In addition to the CSV instance methods, several IO methods are delegated. (See CSV::open() for a complete list.) If you pass a String for data, you can later retrieve it (after writing to it, for example) with CSV.string().

Note that a wrapped String will be positioned at the beginning (for reading). If you want it at the end (for writing), use CSV::generate(). If you want any other positioning, pass a preset StringIO object instead.

You may set any reading and/or writing preferences in the options Hash. Available options are:

:col_sep

The String placed between each field. This String will be transcoded into the data’s Encoding before parsing.

:row_sep

The String appended to the end of each row. This can be set to the special :auto setting, which requests that CSV automatically discover this from the data. Auto-discovery reads ahead in the data looking for the next "\r\n", "\n", or "\r" sequence. A sequence will be selected even if it occurs in a quoted field, assuming that you would have the same line endings there. If none of those sequences is found, data is ARGF, STDIN, STDOUT, or STDERR, or the stream is only available for output, the default $INPUT_RECORD_SEPARATOR ($/) is used. Obviously, discovery takes a little time. Set manually if speed is important. Also note that IO objects should be opened in binary mode on Windows if this feature will be used as the line-ending translation can cause problems with resetting the document position to where it was before the read ahead. This String will be transcoded into the data’s Encoding before parsing.

:quote_char

The character used to quote fields. This has to be a single character String. This is useful for application that incorrectly use ' as the quote character instead of the correct ". CSV will always consider a double sequence of this character to be an escaped quote. This String will be transcoded into the data’s Encoding before parsing.

:field_size_limit

This is a maximum size CSV will read ahead looking for the closing quote for a field. (In truth, it reads to the first line ending beyond this size.) If a quote cannot be found within the limit CSV will raise a MalformedCSVError, assuming the data is faulty. You can use this limit to prevent what are effectively DoS attacks on the parser. However, this limit can cause a legitimate parse to fail and thus is set to nil, or off, by default.

:converters

An Array of names from the Converters Hash and/or lambdas that handle custom conversion. A single converter doesn’t have to be in an Array. All built-in converters try to transcode fields to UTF-8 before converting. The conversion will fail if the data cannot be transcoded, leaving the field unchanged.

:unconverted_fields

If set to true, an unconverted_fields() method will be added to all returned rows (Array or CSV::Row) that will return the fields as they were before conversion. Note that :headers supplied by Array or String were not fields of the document and thus will have an empty Array attached.

:headers

If set to :first_row or true, the initial row of the CSV file will be treated as a row of headers. If set to an Array, the contents will be used as the headers. If set to a String, the String is run through a call of CSV::parse_line() with the same :col_sep, :row_sep, and :quote_char as this instance to produce an Array of headers. This setting causes CSV#shift() to return rows as CSV::Row objects instead of Arrays and CSV#read() to return CSV::Table objects instead of an Array of Arrays.

:return_headers

When false, header rows are silently swallowed. If set to true, header rows are returned in a CSV::Row object with identical headers and fields (save that the fields do not go through the converters).

:write_headers

When true and :headers is set, a header row will be added to the output.

:header_converters

Identical in functionality to :converters save that the conversions are only made to header rows. All built-in converters try to transcode headers to UTF-8 before converting. The conversion will fail if the data cannot be transcoded, leaving the header unchanged.

:skip_blanks

When set to a true value, CSV will skip over any empty rows. Note that this setting will not skip rows that contain column separators, even if the rows contain no actual data. If you want to skip rows that contain separators but no content, consider using :skip_lines, or inspecting fields.compact.empty? on each row.

:force_quotes

When set to a true value, CSV will quote all CSV fields it creates.

:skip_lines

When set to an object responding to match, every line matching it is considered a comment and ignored during parsing. When set to a String, it is first converted to a Regexp. When set to nil no line is considered a comment. If the passed object does not respond to match, ArgumentError is thrown.

:liberal_parsing

When set to a true value, CSV will attempt to parse input not conformant with RFC 4180, such as double quotes in unquoted fields.

See CSV::DEFAULT_OPTIONS for the default settings.

Options cannot be overridden in the instance methods for performance reasons, so be sure to set what you want here.

Pass in the obj to delegate method calls to. All methods supported by obj will be delegated to.

Creates a new ACL from list with an evaluation order of DENY_ALLOW or ALLOW_DENY.

An ACL list is an Array of “allow” or “deny” and an address or address mask or “all” or “*” to match any address:

%w[
  deny all
  allow 192.0.2.2
  allow 192.0.2.128/26
]

Constructs a new ERB object with the template specified in str.

An ERB object works by building a chunk of Ruby code that will output the completed template when run. If safe_level is set to a non-nil value, ERB code will be run in a separate thread with $SAFE set to the provided level.

If trim_mode is passed a String containing one or more of the following modifiers, ERB will adjust its code generation as listed:

%  enables Ruby code processing for lines beginning with %
<> omit newline for lines starting with <% and ending in %>
>  omit newline for lines ending in %>
-  omit blank lines ending in -%>

eoutvar can be used to set the name of the variable ERB will build up its output in. This is useful when you need to run multiple ERB templates through the same binding and/or when you want to control where output ends up. Pass the name of the variable to be used inside a String.

Example

require "erb"

# build data class
class Listings
  PRODUCT = { :name => "Chicken Fried Steak",
              :desc => "A well messages pattie, breaded and fried.",
              :cost => 9.95 }

  attr_reader :product, :price

  def initialize( product = "", price = "" )
    @product = product
    @price = price
  end

  def build
    b = binding
    # create and run templates, filling member data variables
    ERB.new(<<-'END_PRODUCT'.gsub(/^\s+/, ""), 0, "", "@product").result b
      <%= PRODUCT[:name] %>
      <%= PRODUCT[:desc] %>
    END_PRODUCT
    ERB.new(<<-'END_PRICE'.gsub(/^\s+/, ""), 0, "", "@price").result b
      <%= PRODUCT[:name] %> -- <%= PRODUCT[:cost] %>
      <%= PRODUCT[:desc] %>
    END_PRICE
  end
end

# setup template data
listings = Listings.new
listings.build

puts listings.product + "\n" + listings.price

Generates

Chicken Fried Steak
A well messages pattie, breaded and fried.

Chicken Fried Steak -- 9.95
A well messages pattie, breaded and fried.

Set up option processing.

The options to support are passed to new() as an array of arrays. Each sub-array contains any number of String option names which carry the same meaning, and one of the following flags:

GetoptLong::NO_ARGUMENT

Option does not take an argument.

GetoptLong::REQUIRED_ARGUMENT

Option always takes an argument.

GetoptLong::OPTIONAL_ARGUMENT

Option may or may not take an argument.

The first option name is considered to be the preferred (canonical) name. Other than that, the elements of each sub-array can be in any order.

Creates a new ipaddr object either from a human readable IP address representation in string, or from a packed in_addr value followed by an address family.

In the former case, the following are the valid formats that will be recognized: “address”, “address/prefixlen” and “address/mask”, where IPv6 address may be enclosed in square brackets (‘[’ and ‘]’). If a prefixlen or a mask is specified, it returns a masked IP address. Although the address family is determined automatically from a specified string, you can specify one explicitly by the optional second argument.

Otherwise an IP address is generated from a packed in_addr value and an address family.

The IPAddr class defines many methods and operators, and some of those, such as &, |, include? and ==, accept a string, or a packed in_addr value instead of an IPAddr object.

Creates a new XMP object.

The top-level binding or, optional bind parameter will be used when creating the workspace. See WorkSpace.new for more information.

This uses the :XMP prompt mode, see Customizing the IRB Prompt at IRB for full detail.

Args

logdev

The log device. This is a filename (String) or IO object (typically STDOUT, STDERR, or an open file).

shift_age

Number of old log files to keep, or frequency of rotation (daily, weekly or monthly). Default value is 0.

shift_size

Maximum logfile size in bytes (only applies when shift_age is a number). Defaults to 1048576 (1MB).

level

Logging severity threshold. Default values is Logger::DEBUG.

progname

Program name to include in log messages. Default value is nil.

formatter

Logging formatter. Default values is an instance of Logger::Formatter.

datetime_format

Date and time format. Default value is ‘%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S’.

shift_period_suffix

The log file suffix format for daily, weekly or monthly rotation. Default is ‘%Y%m%d’.

Description

Create an instance.

Matrix.new is private; use Matrix.rows, columns, [], etc… to create.

Vector.new is private; use Vector[] or Vector.elements to create.

Initializes the instance and yields itself if called with a block.

banner

Banner message.

width

Summary width.

indent

Summary indent.

Pushes a new List.

Creates a buffer for pretty printing.

output is an output target. If it is not specified, ” is assumed. It should have a << method which accepts the first argument obj of PrettyPrint#text, the first argument sep of PrettyPrint#breakable, the first argument newline of PrettyPrint.new, and the result of a given block for PrettyPrint.new.

maxwidth specifies maximum line length. If it is not specified, 79 is assumed. However actual outputs may overflow maxwidth if long non-breakable texts are provided.

newline is used for line breaks. “n” is used if it is not specified.

The block is used to generate spaces. {|width| ‘ ’ * width} is used if it is not given.

To construct a PStore object, pass in the file path where you would like the data to be stored.

PStore objects are always reentrant. But if thread_safe is set to true, then it will become thread-safe at the cost of a minor performance hit.

Create an RDoc task with the given name. See the RDoc::Task class overview for documentation.

Creates a new Resolv using resolvers.

Creates a new TempIO that will be initialized to contain string.

Creates a new set containing the elements of the given enumerable object.

If a block is given, the elements of enum are preprocessed by the given block.

Set.new([1, 2])                       #=> #<Set: {1, 2}>
Set.new([1, 2, 1])                    #=> #<Set: {1, 2}>
Set.new([1, 'c', :s])                 #=> #<Set: {1, "c", :s}>
Set.new(1..5)                         #=> #<Set: {1, 2, 3, 4, 5}>
Set.new([1, 2, 3]) { |x| x * x }      #=> #<Set: {1, 4, 9}>

Creates a Shell object which current directory is set to the process current directory, unless otherwise specified by the pwd argument.

Creates a temporary file with permissions 0600 (= only readable and writable by the owner) and opens it with mode “w+”.

The basename parameter is used to determine the name of the temporary file. You can either pass a String or an Array with 2 String elements. In the former form, the temporary file’s base name will begin with the given string. In the latter form, the temporary file’s base name will begin with the array’s first element, and end with the second element. For example:

file = Tempfile.new('hello')
file.path  # => something like: "/tmp/hello2843-8392-92849382--0"

# Use the Array form to enforce an extension in the filename:
file = Tempfile.new(['hello', '.jpg'])
file.path  # => something like: "/tmp/hello2843-8392-92849382--0.jpg"

The temporary file will be placed in the directory as specified by the tmpdir parameter. By default, this is Dir.tmpdir. When $SAFE > 0 and the given tmpdir is tainted, it uses ‘/tmp’ as the temporary directory. Please note that ENV values are tainted by default, and Dir.tmpdir‘s return value might come from environment variables (e.g. $TMPDIR).

file = Tempfile.new('hello', '/home/aisaka')
file.path  # => something like: "/home/aisaka/hello2843-8392-92849382--0"

You can also pass an options hash. Under the hood, Tempfile creates the temporary file using File.open. These options will be passed to File.open. This is mostly useful for specifying encoding options, e.g.:

Tempfile.new('hello', '/home/aisaka', :encoding => 'ascii-8bit')

# You can also omit the 'tmpdir' parameter:
Tempfile.new('hello', :encoding => 'ascii-8bit')

Exceptions

If Tempfile.new cannot find a unique filename within a limited number of tries, then it will raise an exception.

Creates a ThreadsWait object, specifying the threads to wait on. Non-blocking.