Returns a new set that is a copy of the set, flattening each containing set recursively.
Equivalent to Set#flatten
, but replaces the receiver with the result in place. Returns nil if no modifications were made.
Calls the given block once for each element in the set, passing the element as parameter. Returns an enumerator if no block is given.
Creates a Shell
object which current directory is set to path
.
If a block is given, it restores the current directory when the block ends.
If called as iterator, it restores the current directory when the block ends.
Returns the full path name of the temporary file. This will be nil if unlink
has been called.
Creates a temporary file as usual File
object (not Tempfile
). It doesn’t use finalizer and delegation.
If no block is given, this is similar to Tempfile.new
except creating File
instead of Tempfile
. The created file is not removed automatically. You should use File.unlink
to remove it.
If a block is given, then a File
object will be constructed, and the block is invoked with the object as the argument. The File
object will be automatically closed and the temporary file is removed after the block terminates. The call returns the value of the block.
In any case, all arguments (basename
, tmpdir
, mode
, and **options
) will be treated as Tempfile.new
.
Tempfile.create('foo', '/home/temp') do |f| ... do something with f ... end
Returns the main thread.
Terminates thr
and schedules another thread to be run.
If this thread is already marked to be killed, exit
returns the Thread
.
If this is the main thread, or the last thread, exits the process.
Returns the status of thr
.
"sleep"
Returned if this thread is sleeping or waiting on I/O
"run"
When this thread is executing
"aborting"
If this thread is aborting
false
When this thread is terminated normally
nil
If terminated with an exception.
a = Thread.new { raise("die now") } b = Thread.new { Thread.stop } c = Thread.new { Thread.exit } d = Thread.new { sleep } d.kill #=> #<Thread:0x401b3678 aborting> a.status #=> nil b.status #=> "sleep" c.status #=> false d.status #=> "aborting" Thread.current.status #=> "run"
Obtains a lock, runs the block, and releases the lock when the block completes. See the example under Mutex
.
Returns the maximum size of the queue.
Sets the maximum size of the queue to the given number
.
Path of the file being run
Returns internal information of TracePoint
.
The contents of the returned value are implementation specific. It may be changed in future.
This method is only for debugging TracePoint
itself.
See also BigDecimal.new
Creates a new Pathname
object from the given string, path
, and returns pathname object.
In order to use this constructor, you must first require the Pathname
standard library extension.
require 'pathname' Pathname("/home/zzak") #=> #<Pathname:/home/zzak>
See also Pathname::new
for more information.
Equivalent to:
$stdout.putc(int)
Refer to the documentation for IO#putc
for important information regarding multi-byte characters.
Returns arg converted to a float. Numeric
types are converted directly, and with exception to string and nil the rest are converted using arg.to_f. Converting a string
with invalid characters will result in a ArgumentError
. Converting nil
generates a TypeError
.
Float(1) #=> 1.0 Float("123.456") #=> 123.456 Float("123.0_badstring") #=> ArgumentError: invalid value for Float(): "123.0_badstring" Float(nil) #=> TypeError: can't convert nil into Float
Returns x/y
or arg
as a Rational
.
Rational(2, 3) #=> (2/3) Rational(5) #=> (5/1) Rational(0.5) #=> (1/2) Rational(0.3) #=> (5404319552844595/18014398509481984) Rational("2/3") #=> (2/3) Rational("0.3") #=> (3/10) Rational("10 cents") #=> ArgumentError Rational(nil) #=> TypeError Rational(1, nil) #=> TypeError
Syntax of the string form:
string form = extra spaces , rational , extra spaces ; rational = [ sign ] , unsigned rational ; unsigned rational = numerator | numerator , "/" , denominator ; numerator = integer part | fractional part | integer part , fractional part ; denominator = digits ; integer part = digits ; fractional part = "." , digits , [ ( "e" | "E" ) , [ sign ] , digits ] ; sign = "-" | "+" ; digits = digit , { digit | "_" , digit } ; digit = "0" | "1" | "2" | "3" | "4" | "5" | "6" | "7" | "8" | "9" ; extra spaces = ? \s* ? ;
See also String#to_r
.
Equivalent to ($_.dup).chop!
, except nil
is never returned. See String#chop!
. Available only when -p/-n command line option specified.
Equivalent to $_ = $_.chomp(string)
. See String#chomp
. Available only when -p/-n command line option specified.
Returns true
if yield
would execute a block in the current context. The iterator?
form is mildly deprecated.
def try if block_given? yield else "no block" end end try #=> "no block" try { "hello" } #=> "hello" try do "hello" end #=> "hello"
Returns a new array with the results of running block once for every element in enum.
If no block is given, an enumerator is returned instead.
(1..4).map { |i| i*i } #=> [1, 4, 9, 16] (1..4).collect { "cat" } #=> ["cat", "cat", "cat", "cat"]
Returns the object in enum with the maximum value. The first form assumes all objects implement Comparable
; the second uses the block to return a <=> b.
a = %w(albatross dog horse) a.max #=> "horse" a.max { |a, b| a.length <=> b.length } #=> "albatross"
If the n
argument is given, maximum n
elements are returned as an array, sorted in descending order.
a = %w[albatross dog horse] a.max(2) #=> ["horse", "dog"] a.max(2) {|a, b| a.length <=> b.length } #=> ["albatross", "horse"] [5, 1, 3, 4, 2].max(3) #=> [5, 4, 3]