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Numerics are immutable values, which should not be copied.

Any attempt to use this method on a Numeric will raise a TypeError.

Unicode Normalization

Returns a normalized form of str, using Unicode normalizations NFC, NFD, NFKC, or NFKD. The normalization form used is determined by form, which is any of the four values :nfc, :nfd, :nfkc, or :nfkd. The default is :nfc.

If the string is not in a Unicode Encoding, then an Exception is raised. In this context, ‘Unicode Encoding’ means any of UTF-8, UTF-16BE/LE, and UTF-32BE/LE, as well as GB18030, UCS_2BE, and UCS_4BE. Anything else than UTF-8 is implemented by converting to UTF-8, which makes it slower than UTF-8.

Examples

"a\u0300".unicode_normalize        #=> 'à' (same as "\u00E0")
"a\u0300".unicode_normalize(:nfc)  #=> 'à' (same as "\u00E0")
"\u00E0".unicode_normalize(:nfd)   #=> 'à' (same as "a\u0300")
"\xE0".force_encoding('ISO-8859-1').unicode_normalize(:nfd)
                                   #=> Encoding::CompatibilityError raised

Destructive version of String#unicode_normalize, doing Unicode normalization in place.

Checks whether str is in Unicode normalization form form, which is any of the four values :nfc, :nfd, :nfkc, or :nfkd. The default is :nfc.

If the string is not in a Unicode Encoding, then an Exception is raised. For details, see String#unicode_normalize.

Examples

"a\u0300".unicode_normalized?        #=> false
"a\u0300".unicode_normalized?(:nfd)  #=> true
"\u00E0".unicode_normalized?         #=> true
"\u00E0".unicode_normalized?(:nfd)   #=> false
"\xE0".force_encoding('ISO-8859-1').unicode_normalized?
                                     #=> Encoding::CompatibilityError raised

Replaces the contents and taintedness of str with the corresponding values in other_str.

s = "hello"         #=> "hello"
s.replace "world"   #=> "world"

Returns self.

If called on a subclass of String, converts the receiver to a String object.

Returns true if str starts with one of the prefixes given.

"hello".start_with?("hell")               #=> true

# returns true if one of the prefixes matches.
"hello".start_with?("heaven", "hell")     #=> true
"hello".start_with?("heaven", "paradise") #=> false

Passes the Integer ordinal of each character in str, also known as a codepoint when applied to Unicode strings to the given block.

If no block is given, an enumerator is returned instead.

"hello\u0639".each_codepoint {|c| print c, ' ' }

produces:

104 101 108 108 111 1593

Changes the encoding to encoding and returns self.

Returns true for a string which is encoded correctly.

"\xc2\xa1".force_encoding("UTF-8").valid_encoding?  #=> true
"\xc2".force_encoding("UTF-8").valid_encoding?      #=> false
"\x80".force_encoding("UTF-8").valid_encoding?      #=> false

Returns true for a string which has only ASCII characters.

"abc".force_encoding("UTF-8").ascii_only?          #=> true
"abc\u{6666}".force_encoding("UTF-8").ascii_only?  #=> false

Returns whether ASCII-compatible or not.

Encoding::UTF_8.ascii_compatible?     #=> true
Encoding::UTF_16BE.ascii_compatible?  #=> false

Returns the list of available encoding names.

Encoding.name_list
#=> ["US-ASCII", "ASCII-8BIT", "UTF-8",
      "ISO-8859-1", "Shift_JIS", "EUC-JP",
      "Windows-31J",
      "BINARY", "CP932", "eucJP"]

Returns a hash, that will be turned into a JSON object and represent this object.

Stores class name (Exception) with message m and backtrace array b as JSON string

Returns true if mod is a singleton class or false if it is an ordinary class or module.

class C
end
C.singleton_class?                  #=> false
C.singleton_class.singleton_class?  #=> true

Marshal the object to JSON.

method used for JSON marshalling support.

return the JSON value

Returns a hash, that will be turned into a JSON object and represent this object.

Stores class name (Rational) along with numerator value n and denominator value d as JSON string

Returns true if the given week date is valid, and false if not.

Date.valid_commercial?(2001,5,6)  #=> true
Date.valid_commercial?(2001,5,8)  #=> false

See also ::jd and ::commercial.

Returns the fractional part of the day.

DateTime.new(2001,2,3,12).day_fraction    #=> (1/2)

Returns the fractional part of the second.

DateTime.new(2001,2,3,4,5,6.5).sec_fraction       #=> (1/2)

Duplicates self and resets its day of calendar reform.

d = Date.new(1582,10,15)
d.new_start(Date::JULIAN)         #=> #<Date: 1582-10-05 ...>

Returns a hash, that will be turned into a JSON object and represent this object.

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