Element Reference — If passed a single index, returns a substring of one character at that index. If passed a start index and a length, returns a substring containing length characters starting at the start index. If passed a range, its beginning and end are interpreted as offsets delimiting the substring to be returned.
In these three cases, if an index is negative, it is counted from the end of the string. For the start and range cases the starting index is just before a character and an index matching the string’s size. Additionally, an empty string is returned when the starting index for a character range is at the end of the string.
Returns nil if the initial index falls outside the string or the length is negative.
If a Regexp is supplied, the matching portion of the string is returned. If a capture follows the regular expression, which may be a capture group index or name, follows the regular expression that component of the MatchData is returned instead.
If a match_str is given, that string is returned if it occurs in the string.
Returns nil if the regular expression does not match or the match string cannot be found.
a = "hello there" a[1] #=> "e" a[2, 3] #=> "llo" a[2..3] #=> "ll" a[-3, 2] #=> "er" a[7..-2] #=> "her" a[-4..-2] #=> "her" a[-2..-4] #=> "" a[11, 0] #=> "" a[11] #=> nil a[12, 0] #=> nil a[12..-1] #=> nil a[/[aeiou](.)\1/] #=> "ell" a[/[aeiou](.)\1/, 0] #=> "ell" a[/[aeiou](.)\1/, 1] #=> "l" a[/[aeiou](.)\1/, 2] #=> nil a[/(?<vowel>[aeiou])(?<non_vowel>[^aeiou])/, "non_vowel"] #=> "l" a[/(?<vowel>[aeiou])(?<non_vowel>[^aeiou])/, "vowel"] #=> "e" a["lo"] #=> "lo" a["bye"] #=> nil
Deletes the specified portion from str, and returns the portion deleted.
string = "this is a string" string.slice!(2) #=> "i" string.slice!(3..6) #=> " is " string.slice!(/s.*t/) #=> "sa st" string.slice!("r") #=> "r" string #=> "thing"
Searches sep or pattern (regexp) in the string and returns the part before it, the match, and the part after it. If it is not found, returns two empty strings and str.
"hello".partition("l") #=> ["he", "l", "lo"] "hello".partition("x") #=> ["hello", "", ""] "hello".partition(/.l/) #=> ["h", "el", "lo"]
Searches sep or pattern (regexp) in the string from the end of the string, and returns the part before it, the match, and the part after it. If it is not found, returns two empty strings and str.
"hello".rpartition("l") #=> ["hel", "l", "o"] "hello".rpartition("x") #=> ["", "", "hello"] "hello".rpartition(/.l/) #=> ["he", "ll", "o"]
Returns a copied string whose encoding is ASCII-8BIT.
The first form returns a copy of str transcoded to encoding encoding. The second form returns a copy of str transcoded from src_encoding to dst_encoding. The last form returns a copy of str transcoded to Encoding.default_internal.
By default, the first and second form raise Encoding::UndefinedConversionError for characters that are undefined in the destination encoding, and Encoding::InvalidByteSequenceError for invalid byte sequences in the source encoding. The last form by default does not raise exceptions but uses replacement strings.
The options Hash gives details for conversion and can have the following keys:
If the value is :replace, encode replaces invalid byte sequences in str with the replacement character. The default is to raise the Encoding::InvalidByteSequenceError exception
If the value is :replace, encode replaces characters which are undefined in the destination encoding with the replacement character. The default is to raise the Encoding::UndefinedConversionError.
Sets the replacement string to the given value. The default replacement string is “uFFFD” for Unicode encoding forms, and “?” otherwise.
Sets the replacement string by the given object for undefined character. The object should be a Hash, a Proc, a Method, or an object which has [] method. Its key is an undefined character encoded in the source encoding of current transcoder. Its value can be any encoding until it can be converted into the destination encoding of the transcoder.
The value must be :text or :attr. If the value is :text encode replaces undefined characters with their (upper-case hexadecimal) numeric character references. ‘&’, ‘<’, and ‘>’ are converted to “&”, “<”, and “>”, respectively. If the value is :attr, encode also quotes the replacement result (using ‘“’), and replaces ‘”’ with “"”.
Replaces LF (“n”) with CR (“r”) if value is true.
Replaces LF (“n”) with CRLF (“rn”) if value is true.
Replaces CRLF (“rn”) and CR (“r”) with LF (“n”) if value is true.
The first form transcodes the contents of str from str.encoding to encoding. The second form transcodes the contents of str from src_encoding to dst_encoding. The options Hash gives details for conversion. See String#encode for details. Returns the string even if no changes were made.
Returns self.
If called on a subclass of String, converts the receiver to a String object.
Changes the encoding to encoding and returns self.
Returns true for a string which is encoded correctly.
"\xc2\xa1".force_encoding("UTF-8").valid_encoding? #=> true "\xc2".force_encoding("UTF-8").valid_encoding? #=> false "\x80".force_encoding("UTF-8").valid_encoding? #=> false
Processes a copy of str as described under String#tr, then removes duplicate characters in regions that were affected by the translation.
"hello".tr_s('l', 'r') #=> "hero" "hello".tr_s('el', '*') #=> "h*o" "hello".tr_s('el', 'hx') #=> "hhxo"
Try to convert obj into a String, using to_str method. Returns converted string or nil if obj cannot be converted for any reason.
String.try_convert("str") #=> "str" String.try_convert(/re/) #=> nil
Replaces the contents and taintedness of str with the corresponding values in other_str.
s = "hello" #=> "hello" s.replace "world" #=> "world"
Returns true if str starts with one of the prefixes given.
"hello".start_with?("hell") #=> true # returns true if one of the prefixes matches. "hello".start_with?("heaven", "hell") #=> true "hello".start_with?("heaven", "paradise") #=> false
Performs String#tr_s processing on str in place, returning str, or nil if no changes were made.
Splits str using the supplied parameter as the record separator ($/ by default), passing each substring in turn to the supplied block. If a zero-length record separator is supplied, the string is split into paragraphs delimited by multiple successive newlines.
If no block is given, an enumerator is returned instead.
print "Example one\n" "hello\nworld".each_line {|s| p s} print "Example two\n" "hello\nworld".each_line('l') {|s| p s} print "Example three\n" "hello\n\n\nworld".each_line('') {|s| p s}
produces:
Example one "hello\n" "world" Example two "hel" "l" "o\nworl" "d" Example three "hello\n\n\n" "world"
Passes the Integer ordinal of each character in str, also known as a codepoint when applied to Unicode strings to the given block.
If no block is given, an enumerator is returned instead.
"hello\u0639".each_codepoint {|c| print c, ' ' }
produces:
104 101 108 108 111 1593
Get the address as an Integer for the function named name. The function is searched via dlsym on RTLD_NEXT.
See man(3) dlsym() for more info.
Get the address as an Integer for the function named name.
Fetch struct member name
Get the underlying pointer for ruby object val and return it as a Fiddle::Pointer object.
Returns integer stored at index.
If start and length are given, a string containing the bytes from start of length will be returned.
Get a specific section from the current configuration
Given the following configurating file being loaded:
config = OpenSSL::Config.load('foo.cnf') #=> #<OpenSSL::Config sections=["default"]> puts config.to_s #=> [ default ] # foo=bar
You can get a hash of the specific section like so:
config['default'] #=> {"foo"=>"bar"}