Returns the last component of the filename given in file_name, which can be formed using both File::SEPARATOR and File::ALT_SEPARATOR as the separator when File::ALT_SEPARATOR is not nil. If suffix is given and present at the end of file_name, it is removed. If suffix is “.*”, any extension will be removed.
File.basename("/home/gumby/work/ruby.rb") #=> "ruby.rb" File.basename("/home/gumby/work/ruby.rb", ".rb") #=> "ruby" File.basename("/home/gumby/work/ruby.rb", ".*") #=> "ruby"
Returns the string representation of the path
File.path("/dev/null") #=> "/dev/null" File.path(Pathname.new("/tmp")) #=> "/tmp"
Returns the last access time (a Time object)
for <i>file</i>, or epoch if <i>file</i> has not been accessed.
File.new("testfile").atime #=> Wed Dec 31 18:00:00 CST 1969
Returns the modification time for file.
File.new("testfile").mtime #=> Wed Apr 09 08:53:14 CDT 2003
Returns the change time for file (that is, the time directory information about the file was changed, not the file itself).
Note that on Windows (NTFS), returns creation time (birth time).
File.new("testfile").ctime #=> Wed Apr 09 08:53:14 CDT 2003
Returns the birth time for file.
File.new("testfile").birthtime #=> Wed Apr 09 08:53:14 CDT 2003
If the platform doesn’t have birthtime, raises NotImplementedError.
Returns the pathname used to create file as a string. Does not normalize the name.
File.new("testfile").path #=> "testfile" File.new("/tmp/../tmp/xxx", "w").path #=> "/tmp/../tmp/xxx"
Returns true if the named file exists and has a zero size.
file_name can be an IO object.
Returns true if the named file has the setuid bit set.
Returns true if the named file has the setgid bit set.
Returns true if the named file has the sticky bit set.
Returns true if the named files are identical.
file_1 and file_2 can be an IO object.
open("a", "w") {} p File.identical?("a", "a") #=> true p File.identical?("a", "./a") #=> true File.link("a", "b") p File.identical?("a", "b") #=> true File.symlink("a", "c") p File.identical?("a", "c") #=> true open("d", "w") {} p File.identical?("a", "d") #=> false
With no associated block, File.open is a synonym for File.new. If the optional code block is given, it will be passed the opened file as an argument and the File object will automatically be closed when the block terminates. The value of the block will be returned from File.open.
If a file is being created, its initial permissions may be set using the perm parameter. See File.new for further discussion.
See IO.new for a description of the mode and opt parameters.
Returns the hash of available encoding alias and original encoding name.
Encoding.aliases
#=> {"BINARY"=>"ASCII-8BIT", "ASCII"=>"US-ASCII", "ANSI_X3.4-1986"=>"US-ASCII",
"SJIS"=>"Shift_JIS", "eucJP"=>"EUC-JP", "CP932"=>"Windows-31J"}
provides a unified clone operation, for REXML::XPathParser to use across multiple Object types
Produces a shallow copy of obj—the instance variables of obj are copied, but not the objects they reference. clone copies the frozen and tainted state of obj. See also the discussion under Object#dup.
class Klass attr_accessor :str end s1 = Klass.new #=> #<Klass:0x401b3a38> s1.str = "Hello" #=> "Hello" s2 = s1.clone #=> #<Klass:0x401b3998 @str="Hello"> s2.str[1,4] = "i" #=> "i" s1.inspect #=> "#<Klass:0x401b3a38 @str=\"Hi\">" s2.inspect #=> "#<Klass:0x401b3998 @str=\"Hi\">"
This method may have class-specific behavior. If so, that behavior will be documented under the #initialize_copy method of the class.
Returns obj.
string = 'my string' #=> "my string" string.itself.object_id == string.object_id #=> true
Invokes the method identified by symbol, passing it any arguments specified. You can use __send__ if the name send clashes with an existing method in obj. When the method is identified by a string, the string is converted to a symbol.
class Klass def hello(*args) "Hello " + args.join(' ') end end k = Klass.new k.send :hello, "gentle", "readers" #=> "Hello gentle readers"
Returns the previous exception ($!) at the time this exception was raised. This is useful for wrapping exceptions and retaining the original exception information.
Return the receiver associated with this NameError exception.
Return the arguments passed in as the third parameter to the constructor.
Return this SystemCallError’s error number.
Returns the list of Modules nested at the point of call.
module M1 module M2 $a = Module.nesting end end $a #=> [M1::M2, M1] $a[0].name #=> "M1::M2"