As int is already an Integer, all these methods simply return the receiver.
Returns the value as a rational.
1.to_r #=> (1/1) (1<<64).to_r #=> (18446744073709551616/1)
Converts a Rational to a BigDecimal.
The required precision parameter is used to determine the amount of significant digits for the result. See BigDecimal#div for more information, as it is used along with the denominator and the precision for parameters.
r = (22/7.0).to_r # => (7077085128725065/2251799813685248) r.to_d(3) # => #<BigDecimal:1a44d08,'0.314E1',18(36)>
Returns the truncated value (toward negative infinity).
Rational(3).floor #=> 3 Rational(2, 3).floor #=> 0 Rational(-3, 2).floor #=> -1 # decimal - 1 2 3 . 4 5 6 # ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ # precision -3 -2 -1 0 +1 +2 '%f' % Rational('-123.456').floor(+1) #=> "-123.500000" '%f' % Rational('-123.456').floor(-1) #=> "-130.000000"
Returns the truncated value as an integer.
Equivalent to Rational#truncate.
Rational(2, 3).to_i #=> 0 Rational(3).to_i #=> 3 Rational(300.6).to_i #=> 300 Rational(98,71).to_i #=> 1 Rational(-30,2).to_i #=> -15
Return the value as a float.
Rational(2).to_f #=> 2.0 Rational(9, 4).to_f #=> 2.25 Rational(-3, 4).to_f #=> -0.75 Rational(20, 3).to_f #=> 6.666666666666667
Returns the value as a string.
Rational(2).to_s #=> "2/1" Rational(-8, 6).to_s #=> "-4/3" Rational('1/2').to_s #=> "1/2"
Creates a date object denoting the given ordinal date.
The day of year should be a negative or a positive number (as a relative day from the end of year when negative). It should not be zero.
Date.ordinal(2001) #=> #<Date: 2001-01-01 ...> Date.ordinal(2001,34) #=> #<Date: 2001-02-03 ...> Date.ordinal(2001,-1) #=> #<Date: 2001-12-31 ...>
See also jd and new.
Creates a date object denoting the present day.
Parses the given representation of date and time with the given template, and returns a hash of parsed elements. _strptime does not support specification of flags and width unlike strftime.
Date._strptime('2001-02-03', '%Y-%m-%d')
#=> {:year=>2001, :mon=>2, :mday=>3}
See also strptime(3) and strftime.
Parses the given representation of date and time with the given template, and creates a date object. strptime does not support specification of flags and width unlike strftime.
Date.strptime('2001-02-03', '%Y-%m-%d') #=> #<Date: 2001-02-03 ...> Date.strptime('03-02-2001', '%d-%m-%Y') #=> #<Date: 2001-02-03 ...> Date.strptime('2001-034', '%Y-%j') #=> #<Date: 2001-02-03 ...> Date.strptime('2001-W05-6', '%G-W%V-%u') #=> #<Date: 2001-02-03 ...> Date.strptime('2001 04 6', '%Y %U %w') #=> #<Date: 2001-02-03 ...> Date.strptime('2001 05 6', '%Y %W %u') #=> #<Date: 2001-02-03 ...> Date.strptime('sat3feb01', '%a%d%b%y') #=> #<Date: 2001-02-03 ...>
See also strptime(3) and strftime.
Returns the Julian day number denoting the day of calendar reform.
Date.new(2001,2,3).start #=> 2299161.0 Date.new(2001,2,3,Date::GREGORIAN).start #=> -Infinity
Iterates evaluation of the given block, which takes a date object. The limit should be a date object.
Date.new(2001).step(Date.new(2001,-1,-1)).select{|d| d.sunday?}.size #=> 52
This method is equivalent to step(max, 1){|date| …}.
This method is equivalent to step(min, -1){|date| …}.
Returns a string in an ISO 8601 format (This method doesn’t use the expanded representations).
Date.new(2001,2,3).to_s #=> "2001-02-03"
Formats date according to the directives in the given format
string.
The directives begins with a percent (%) character.
Any text not listed as a directive will be passed through to the
output string.
A directive consists of a percent (%) character,
zero or more flags, an optional minimum field width,
an optional modifier, and a conversion specifier
as follows.
%<flags><width><modifier><conversion>
Flags:
- don't pad a numerical output.
_ use spaces for padding.
0 use zeros for padding.
^ upcase the result string.
# change case.
The minimum field width specifies the minimum width.
The modifiers are "E", "O", ":", "::" and ":::".
"E" and "O" are ignored. No effect to result currently.
Format directives:
Date (Year, Month, Day):
%Y - Year with century (can be negative, 4 digits at least)
-0001, 0000, 1995, 2009, 14292, etc.
%C - year / 100 (round down. 20 in 2009)
%y - year % 100 (00..99)
%m - Month of the year, zero-padded (01..12)
%_m blank-padded ( 1..12)
%-m no-padded (1..12)
%B - The full month name (``January'')
%^B uppercased (``JANUARY'')
%b - The abbreviated month name (``Jan'')
%^b uppercased (``JAN'')
%h - Equivalent to %b
%d - Day of the month, zero-padded (01..31)
%-d no-padded (1..31)
%e - Day of the month, blank-padded ( 1..31)
%j - Day of the year (001..366)
Time (Hour, Minute, Second, Subsecond):
%H - Hour of the day, 24-hour clock, zero-padded (00..23)
%k - Hour of the day, 24-hour clock, blank-padded ( 0..23)
%I - Hour of the day, 12-hour clock, zero-padded (01..12)
%l - Hour of the day, 12-hour clock, blank-padded ( 1..12)
%P - Meridian indicator, lowercase (``am'' or ``pm'')
%p - Meridian indicator, uppercase (``AM'' or ``PM'')
%M - Minute of the hour (00..59)
%S - Second of the minute (00..59)
%L - Millisecond of the second (000..999)
%N - Fractional seconds digits, default is 9 digits (nanosecond)
%3N millisecond (3 digits) %15N femtosecond (15 digits)
%6N microsecond (6 digits) %18N attosecond (18 digits)
%9N nanosecond (9 digits) %21N zeptosecond (21 digits)
%12N picosecond (12 digits) %24N yoctosecond (24 digits)
Time zone:
%z - Time zone as hour and minute offset from UTC (e.g. +0900)
%:z - hour and minute offset from UTC with a colon (e.g. +09:00)
%::z - hour, minute and second offset from UTC (e.g. +09:00:00)
%:::z - hour, minute and second offset from UTC
(e.g. +09, +09:30, +09:30:30)
%Z - Equivalent to %:z (e.g. +09:00)
Weekday:
%A - The full weekday name (``Sunday'')
%^A uppercased (``SUNDAY'')
%a - The abbreviated name (``Sun'')
%^a uppercased (``SUN'')
%u - Day of the week (Monday is 1, 1..7)
%w - Day of the week (Sunday is 0, 0..6)
ISO 8601 week-based year and week number:
The week 1 of YYYY starts with a Monday and includes YYYY-01-04.
The days in the year before the first week are in the last week of
the previous year.
%G - The week-based year
%g - The last 2 digits of the week-based year (00..99)
%V - Week number of the week-based year (01..53)
Week number:
The week 1 of YYYY starts with a Sunday or Monday (according to %U
or %W). The days in the year before the first week are in week 0.
%U - Week number of the year. The week starts with Sunday. (00..53)
%W - Week number of the year. The week starts with Monday. (00..53)
Seconds since the Unix Epoch:
%s - Number of seconds since 1970-01-01 00:00:00 UTC.
%Q - Number of milliseconds since 1970-01-01 00:00:00 UTC.
Literal string:
%n - Newline character (\n)
%t - Tab character (\t)
%% - Literal ``%'' character
Combination:
%c - date and time (%a %b %e %T %Y)
%D - Date (%m/%d/%y)
%F - The ISO 8601 date format (%Y-%m-%d)
%v - VMS date (%e-%b-%Y)
%x - Same as %D
%X - Same as %T
%r - 12-hour time (%I:%M:%S %p)
%R - 24-hour time (%H:%M)
%T - 24-hour time (%H:%M:%S)
%+ - date(1) (%a %b %e %H:%M:%S %Z %Y)
This method is similar to strftime() function defined in ISO C and POSIX.
Several directives (%a, %A, %b, %B, %c, %p, %r, %x, %X, %E*, %O* and %Z)
are locale dependent in the function.
However this method is locale independent.
So, the result may differ even if a same format string is used in other
systems such as C.
It is good practice to avoid %x and %X because there are corresponding
locale independent representations, %D and %T.
Examples:
d = DateTime.new(2007,11,19,8,37,48,"-06:00")
#=> #<DateTime: 2007-11-19T08:37:48-0600 ...>
d.strftime("Printed on %m/%d/%Y") #=> "Printed on 11/19/2007"
d.strftime("at %I:%M%p") #=> "at 08:37AM"
Various ISO 8601 formats:
%Y%m%d => 20071119 Calendar date (basic)
%F => 2007-11-19 Calendar date (extended)
%Y-%m => 2007-11 Calendar date, reduced accuracy, specific month
%Y => 2007 Calendar date, reduced accuracy, specific year
%C => 20 Calendar date, reduced accuracy, specific century
%Y%j => 2007323 Ordinal date (basic)
%Y-%j => 2007-323 Ordinal date (extended)
%GW%V%u => 2007W471 Week date (basic)
%G-W%V-%u => 2007-W47-1 Week date (extended)
%GW%V => 2007W47 Week date, reduced accuracy, specific week (basic)
%G-W%V => 2007-W47 Week date, reduced accuracy, specific week (extended)
%H%M%S => 083748 Local time (basic)
%T => 08:37:48 Local time (extended)
%H%M => 0837 Local time, reduced accuracy, specific minute (basic)
%H:%M => 08:37 Local time, reduced accuracy, specific minute (extended)
%H => 08 Local time, reduced accuracy, specific hour
%H%M%S,%L => 083748,000 Local time with decimal fraction, comma as decimal sign (basic)
%T,%L => 08:37:48,000 Local time with decimal fraction, comma as decimal sign (extended)
%H%M%S.%L => 083748.000 Local time with decimal fraction, full stop as decimal sign (basic)
%T.%L => 08:37:48.000 Local time with decimal fraction, full stop as decimal sign (extended)
%H%M%S%z => 083748-0600 Local time and the difference from UTC (basic)
%T%:z => 08:37:48-06:00 Local time and the difference from UTC (extended)
%Y%m%dT%H%M%S%z => 20071119T083748-0600 Date and time of day for calendar date (basic)
%FT%T%:z => 2007-11-19T08:37:48-06:00 Date and time of day for calendar date (extended)
%Y%jT%H%M%S%z => 2007323T083748-0600 Date and time of day for ordinal date (basic)
%Y-%jT%T%:z => 2007-323T08:37:48-06:00 Date and time of day for ordinal date (extended)
%GW%V%uT%H%M%S%z => 2007W471T083748-0600 Date and time of day for week date (basic)
%G-W%V-%uT%T%:z => 2007-W47-1T08:37:48-06:00 Date and time of day for week date (extended)
%Y%m%dT%H%M => 20071119T0837 Calendar date and local time (basic)
%FT%R => 2007-11-19T08:37 Calendar date and local time (extended)
%Y%jT%H%MZ => 2007323T0837Z Ordinal date and UTC of day (basic)
%Y-%jT%RZ => 2007-323T08:37Z Ordinal date and UTC of day (extended)
%GW%V%uT%H%M%z => 2007W471T0837-0600 Week date and local time and difference from UTC (basic)
%G-W%V-%uT%R%:z => 2007-W47-1T08:37-06:00 Week date and local time and difference from UTC (extended)
See also strftime(3) and strptime.
Creates a date-time object denoting the given ordinal date.
DateTime.ordinal(2001,34) #=> #<DateTime: 2001-02-03T00:00:00+00:00 ...> DateTime.ordinal(2001,34,4,5,6,'+7') #=> #<DateTime: 2001-02-03T04:05:06+07:00 ...> DateTime.ordinal(2001,-332,-20,-55,-54,'+7') #=> #<DateTime: 2001-02-03T04:05:06+07:00 ...>
Parses the given representation of date and time with the given template, and returns a hash of parsed elements. _strptime does not support specification of flags and width unlike strftime.
See also strptime(3) and strftime.
Parses the given representation of date and time with the given template, and creates a date object. strptime does not support specification of flags and width unlike strftime.
DateTime.strptime('2001-02-03T04:05:06+07:00', '%Y-%m-%dT%H:%M:%S%z') #=> #<DateTime: 2001-02-03T04:05:06+07:00 ...> DateTime.strptime('03-02-2001 04:05:06 PM', '%d-%m-%Y %I:%M:%S %p') #=> #<DateTime: 2001-02-03T16:05:06+00:00 ...> DateTime.strptime('2001-W05-6T04:05:06+07:00', '%G-W%V-%uT%H:%M:%S%z') #=> #<DateTime: 2001-02-03T04:05:06+07:00 ...> DateTime.strptime('2001 04 6 04 05 06 +7', '%Y %U %w %H %M %S %z') #=> #<DateTime: 2001-02-03T04:05:06+07:00 ...> DateTime.strptime('2001 05 6 04 05 06 +7', '%Y %W %u %H %M %S %z') #=> #<DateTime: 2001-02-03T04:05:06+07:00 ...> DateTime.strptime('-1', '%s') #=> #<DateTime: 1969-12-31T23:59:59+00:00 ...> DateTime.strptime('-1000', '%Q') #=> #<DateTime: 1969-12-31T23:59:59+00:00 ...> DateTime.strptime('sat3feb014pm+7', '%a%d%b%y%H%p%z') #=> #<DateTime: 2001-02-03T16:00:00+07:00 ...>
See also strptime(3) and strftime.
Returns a string in an ISO 8601 format (This method doesn’t use the expanded representations).
DateTime.new(2001,2,3,4,5,6,'-7').to_s #=> "2001-02-03T04:05:06-07:00"
Formats date according to the directives in the given format
string.
The directives begins with a percent (%) character.
Any text not listed as a directive will be passed through to the
output string.
A directive consists of a percent (%) character,
zero or more flags, an optional minimum field width,
an optional modifier, and a conversion specifier
as follows.
%<flags><width><modifier><conversion>
Flags:
- don't pad a numerical output.
_ use spaces for padding.
0 use zeros for padding.
^ upcase the result string.
# change case.
: use colons for %z.
The minimum field width specifies the minimum width.
The modifier is "E" and "O".
They are ignored.
Format directives:
Date (Year, Month, Day):
%Y - Year with century (can be negative, 4 digits at least)
-0001, 0000, 1995, 2009, 14292, etc.
%C - year / 100 (round down. 20 in 2009)
%y - year % 100 (00..99)
%m - Month of the year, zero-padded (01..12)
%_m blank-padded ( 1..12)
%-m no-padded (1..12)
%B - The full month name (``January'')
%^B uppercased (``JANUARY'')
%b - The abbreviated month name (``Jan'')
%^b uppercased (``JAN'')
%h - Equivalent to %b
%d - Day of the month, zero-padded (01..31)
%-d no-padded (1..31)
%e - Day of the month, blank-padded ( 1..31)
%j - Day of the year (001..366)
Time (Hour, Minute, Second, Subsecond):
%H - Hour of the day, 24-hour clock, zero-padded (00..23)
%k - Hour of the day, 24-hour clock, blank-padded ( 0..23)
%I - Hour of the day, 12-hour clock, zero-padded (01..12)
%l - Hour of the day, 12-hour clock, blank-padded ( 1..12)
%P - Meridian indicator, lowercase (``am'' or ``pm'')
%p - Meridian indicator, uppercase (``AM'' or ``PM'')
%M - Minute of the hour (00..59)
%S - Second of the minute (00..59)
%L - Millisecond of the second (000..999)
%N - Fractional seconds digits, default is 9 digits (nanosecond)
%3N millisecond (3 digits) %15N femtosecond (15 digits)
%6N microsecond (6 digits) %18N attosecond (18 digits)
%9N nanosecond (9 digits) %21N zeptosecond (21 digits)
%12N picosecond (12 digits) %24N yoctosecond (24 digits)
Time zone:
%z - Time zone as hour and minute offset from UTC (e.g. +0900)
%:z - hour and minute offset from UTC with a colon (e.g. +09:00)
%::z - hour, minute and second offset from UTC (e.g. +09:00:00)
%:::z - hour, minute and second offset from UTC
(e.g. +09, +09:30, +09:30:30)
%Z - Equivalent to %:z (e.g. +09:00)
Weekday:
%A - The full weekday name (``Sunday'')
%^A uppercased (``SUNDAY'')
%a - The abbreviated name (``Sun'')
%^a uppercased (``SUN'')
%u - Day of the week (Monday is 1, 1..7)
%w - Day of the week (Sunday is 0, 0..6)
ISO 8601 week-based year and week number:
The week 1 of YYYY starts with a Monday and includes YYYY-01-04.
The days in the year before the first week are in the last week of
the previous year.
%G - The week-based year
%g - The last 2 digits of the week-based year (00..99)
%V - Week number of the week-based year (01..53)
Week number:
The week 1 of YYYY starts with a Sunday or Monday (according to %U
or %W). The days in the year before the first week are in week 0.
%U - Week number of the year. The week starts with Sunday. (00..53)
%W - Week number of the year. The week starts with Monday. (00..53)
Seconds since the Unix Epoch:
%s - Number of seconds since 1970-01-01 00:00:00 UTC.
%Q - Number of milliseconds since 1970-01-01 00:00:00 UTC.
Literal string:
%n - Newline character (\n)
%t - Tab character (\t)
%% - Literal ``%'' character
Combination:
%c - date and time (%a %b %e %T %Y)
%D - Date (%m/%d/%y)
%F - The ISO 8601 date format (%Y-%m-%d)
%v - VMS date (%e-%b-%Y)
%x - Same as %D
%X - Same as %T
%r - 12-hour time (%I:%M:%S %p)
%R - 24-hour time (%H:%M)
%T - 24-hour time (%H:%M:%S)
%+ - date(1) (%a %b %e %H:%M:%S %Z %Y)
This method is similar to strftime() function defined in ISO C and POSIX.
Several directives (%a, %A, %b, %B, %c, %p, %r, %x, %X, %E*, %O* and %Z)
are locale dependent in the function.
However this method is locale independent.
So, the result may differ even if a same format string is used in other
systems such as C.
It is good practice to avoid %x and %X because there are corresponding
locale independent representations, %D and %T.
Examples:
d = DateTime.new(2007,11,19,8,37,48,"-06:00")
#=> #<DateTime: 2007-11-19T08:37:48-0600 ...>
d.strftime("Printed on %m/%d/%Y") #=> "Printed on 11/19/2007"
d.strftime("at %I:%M%p") #=> "at 08:37AM"
Various ISO 8601 formats:
%Y%m%d => 20071119 Calendar date (basic)
%F => 2007-11-19 Calendar date (extended)
%Y-%m => 2007-11 Calendar date, reduced accuracy, specific month
%Y => 2007 Calendar date, reduced accuracy, specific year
%C => 20 Calendar date, reduced accuracy, specific century
%Y%j => 2007323 Ordinal date (basic)
%Y-%j => 2007-323 Ordinal date (extended)
%GW%V%u => 2007W471 Week date (basic)
%G-W%V-%u => 2007-W47-1 Week date (extended)
%GW%V => 2007W47 Week date, reduced accuracy, specific week (basic)
%G-W%V => 2007-W47 Week date, reduced accuracy, specific week (extended)
%H%M%S => 083748 Local time (basic)
%T => 08:37:48 Local time (extended)
%H%M => 0837 Local time, reduced accuracy, specific minute (basic)
%H:%M => 08:37 Local time, reduced accuracy, specific minute (extended)
%H => 08 Local time, reduced accuracy, specific hour
%H%M%S,%L => 083748,000 Local time with decimal fraction, comma as decimal sign (basic)
%T,%L => 08:37:48,000 Local time with decimal fraction, comma as decimal sign (extended)
%H%M%S.%L => 083748.000 Local time with decimal fraction, full stop as decimal sign (basic)
%T.%L => 08:37:48.000 Local time with decimal fraction, full stop as decimal sign (extended)
%H%M%S%z => 083748-0600 Local time and the difference from UTC (basic)
%T%:z => 08:37:48-06:00 Local time and the difference from UTC (extended)
%Y%m%dT%H%M%S%z => 20071119T083748-0600 Date and time of day for calendar date (basic)
%FT%T%:z => 2007-11-19T08:37:48-06:00 Date and time of day for calendar date (extended)
%Y%jT%H%M%S%z => 2007323T083748-0600 Date and time of day for ordinal date (basic)
%Y-%jT%T%:z => 2007-323T08:37:48-06:00 Date and time of day for ordinal date (extended)
%GW%V%uT%H%M%S%z => 2007W471T083748-0600 Date and time of day for week date (basic)
%G-W%V-%uT%T%:z => 2007-W47-1T08:37:48-06:00 Date and time of day for week date (extended)
%Y%m%dT%H%M => 20071119T0837 Calendar date and local time (basic)
%FT%R => 2007-11-19T08:37 Calendar date and local time (extended)
%Y%jT%H%MZ => 2007323T0837Z Ordinal date and UTC of day (basic)
%Y-%jT%RZ => 2007-323T08:37Z Ordinal date and UTC of day (extended)
%GW%V%uT%H%M%z => 2007W471T0837-0600 Week date and local time and difference from UTC (basic)
%G-W%V-%uT%R%:z => 2007-W47-1T08:37-06:00 Week date and local time and difference from UTC (extended)
See also strftime(3) and strptime.
Parses date using Date._strptime and converts it to a Time object.
If a block is given, the year described in date is converted by the block. For example:
Time.strptime(...) {|y| y < 100 ? (y >= 69 ? y + 1900 : y + 2000) : y}
Below is a list of the formatting options:
The abbreviated weekday name (“Sun”)
The full weekday name (“Sunday”)
The abbreviated month name (“Jan”)
The full month name (“January”)
The preferred local date and time representation
Century (20 in 2009)
Day of the month (01..31)
Date (%m/%d/%y)
Day of the month, blank-padded ( 1..31)
Equivalent to %Y-%m-%d (the ISO 8601 date format)
Equivalent to %b
Hour of the day, 24-hour clock (00..23)
Hour of the day, 12-hour clock (01..12)
Day of the year (001..366)
hour, 24-hour clock, blank-padded ( 0..23)
hour, 12-hour clock, blank-padded ( 0..12)
Millisecond of the second (000..999)
Month of the year (01..12)
Minute of the hour (00..59)
Newline (n)
Fractional seconds digits, default is 9 digits (nanosecond)
millisecond (3 digits)
microsecond (6 digits)
nanosecond (9 digits)
Meridian indicator (“AM” or “PM”)
Meridian indicator (“am” or “pm”)
time, 12-hour (same as %I:%M:%S %p)
time, 24-hour (%H:%M)
Number of seconds since 1970-01-01 00:00:00 UTC.
Second of the minute (00..60)
Tab character (t)
time, 24-hour (%H:%M:%S)
Day of the week as a decimal, Monday being 1. (1..7)
Week number of the current year, starting with the first Sunday as the first day of the first week (00..53)
VMS date (%e-%b-%Y)
Week number of year according to ISO 8601 (01..53)
Week number of the current year, starting with the first Monday as the first day of the first week (00..53)
Day of the week (Sunday is 0, 0..6)
Preferred representation for the date alone, no time
Preferred representation for the time alone, no date
Year without a century (00..99)
Year which may include century, if provided
Time zone as hour offset from UTC (e.g. +0900)
Time zone name
Literal “%” character
Returns the value of time as an integer number of seconds since the Epoch.
t = Time.now "%10.5f" % t.to_f #=> "1270968656.89607" t.to_i #=> 1270968656