Returns an array; [num, 0].
Returns self.
Returns num truncated to an Integer.
Numeric implements this by converting its value to a Float and invoking Float#truncate.
Returns true if num is less than 0.
Returns the numerator.
Returns the denominator (always positive).
Converts pattern to a Regexp (if it isn’t already one), then invokes its match method on str. If the second parameter is present, it specifies the position in the string to begin the search.
'hello'.match('(.)\1') #=> #<MatchData "ll" 1:"l"> 'hello'.match('(.)\1')[0] #=> "ll" 'hello'.match(/(.)\1/)[0] #=> "ll" 'hello'.match('xx') #=> nil
If a block is given, invoke the block with MatchData if match succeed, so that you can write
str.match(pat) {|m| ...}
instead of
if m = str.match(pat) ... end
The return value is a value from block execution in this case.
Returns a copy of str with the first character converted to uppercase and the remainder to lowercase. Note: case conversion is effective only in ASCII region.
"hello".capitalize #=> "Hello" "HELLO".capitalize #=> "Hello" "123ABC".capitalize #=> "123abc"
Modifies str by converting the first character to uppercase and the remainder to lowercase. Returns nil if no changes are made. Note: case conversion is effective only in ASCII region.
a = "hello" a.capitalize! #=> "Hello" a #=> "Hello" a.capitalize! #=> nil
Append—Concatenates the given object to str. If the object is a Integer, it is considered as a codepoint, and is converted to a character before concatenation.
a = "hello " a << "world" #=> "hello world" a.concat(33) #=> "hello world!"
Returns true if float is less than 0.
Returns the numerator. The result is machine dependent.
n = 0.3.numerator #=> 5404319552844595 d = 0.3.denominator #=> 18014398509481984 n.fdiv(d) #=> 0.3
Returns the denominator (always positive). The result is machine dependent.
See numerator.
Returns a simpler approximation of the value (flt-|eps| <= result <= flt+|eps|). if the optional eps is not given, it will be chosen automatically.
0.3.rationalize #=> (3/10) 1.333.rationalize #=> (1333/1000) 1.333.rationalize(0.01) #=> (4/3)
See to_r.
Returns true if path matches against pattern. The pattern is not a regular expression; instead it follows rules similar to shell filename globbing. It may contain the following metacharacters:
*
Matches any file. Can be restricted by other values in the glob. Equivalent to / .* /x in regexp.
*
Matches all files regular files
c*
Matches all files beginning with c
*c
Matches all files ending with c
*c*
Matches all files that have c in them (including at the beginning or end).
To match hidden files (that start with a . set the File::FNM_DOTMATCH flag.
**
Matches directories recursively or files expansively.
?
Matches any one character. Equivalent to /.{1}/ in regexp.
[set]
Matches any one character in set. Behaves exactly like character sets in Regexp, including set negation ([^a-z]).
\
Escapes the next metacharacter.
{a,b}
Matches pattern a and pattern b if File::FNM_EXTGLOB flag is enabled. Behaves like a Regexp union ((?:a|b)).
flags is a bitwise OR of the FNM_XXX constants. The same glob pattern and flags are used by Dir::glob.
Examples:
File.fnmatch('cat', 'cat') #=> true # match entire string File.fnmatch('cat', 'category') #=> false # only match partial string File.fnmatch('c{at,ub}s', 'cats') #=> false # { } isn't supported by default File.fnmatch('c{at,ub}s', 'cats', File::FNM_EXTGLOB) #=> true # { } is supported on FNM_EXTGLOB File.fnmatch('c?t', 'cat') #=> true # '?' match only 1 character File.fnmatch('c??t', 'cat') #=> false # ditto File.fnmatch('c*', 'cats') #=> true # '*' match 0 or more characters File.fnmatch('c*t', 'c/a/b/t') #=> true # ditto File.fnmatch('ca[a-z]', 'cat') #=> true # inclusive bracket expression File.fnmatch('ca[^t]', 'cat') #=> false # exclusive bracket expression ('^' or '!') File.fnmatch('cat', 'CAT') #=> false # case sensitive File.fnmatch('cat', 'CAT', File::FNM_CASEFOLD) #=> true # case insensitive File.fnmatch('?', '/', File::FNM_PATHNAME) #=> false # wildcard doesn't match '/' on FNM_PATHNAME File.fnmatch('*', '/', File::FNM_PATHNAME) #=> false # ditto File.fnmatch('[/]', '/', File::FNM_PATHNAME) #=> false # ditto File.fnmatch('\?', '?') #=> true # escaped wildcard becomes ordinary File.fnmatch('\a', 'a') #=> true # escaped ordinary remains ordinary File.fnmatch('\a', '\a', File::FNM_NOESCAPE) #=> true # FNM_NOESCAPE makes '\' ordinary File.fnmatch('[\?]', '?') #=> true # can escape inside bracket expression File.fnmatch('*', '.profile') #=> false # wildcard doesn't match leading File.fnmatch('*', '.profile', File::FNM_DOTMATCH) #=> true # period by default. File.fnmatch('.*', '.profile') #=> true rbfiles = '**' '/' '*.rb' # you don't have to do like this. just write in single string. File.fnmatch(rbfiles, 'main.rb') #=> false File.fnmatch(rbfiles, './main.rb') #=> false File.fnmatch(rbfiles, 'lib/song.rb') #=> true File.fnmatch('**.rb', 'main.rb') #=> true File.fnmatch('**.rb', './main.rb') #=> false File.fnmatch('**.rb', 'lib/song.rb') #=> true File.fnmatch('*', 'dave/.profile') #=> true pattern = '*' '/' '*' File.fnmatch(pattern, 'dave/.profile', File::FNM_PATHNAME) #=> false File.fnmatch(pattern, 'dave/.profile', File::FNM_PATHNAME | File::FNM_DOTMATCH) #=> true pattern = '**' '/' 'foo' File.fnmatch(pattern, 'a/b/c/foo', File::FNM_PATHNAME) #=> true File.fnmatch(pattern, '/a/b/c/foo', File::FNM_PATHNAME) #=> true File.fnmatch(pattern, 'c:/a/b/c/foo', File::FNM_PATHNAME) #=> true File.fnmatch(pattern, 'a/.b/c/foo', File::FNM_PATHNAME) #=> false File.fnmatch(pattern, 'a/.b/c/foo', File::FNM_PATHNAME | File::FNM_DOTMATCH) #=> true
Returns true if path matches against pattern. The pattern is not a regular expression; instead it follows rules similar to shell filename globbing. It may contain the following metacharacters:
*
Matches any file. Can be restricted by other values in the glob. Equivalent to / .* /x in regexp.
*
Matches all files regular files
c*
Matches all files beginning with c
*c
Matches all files ending with c
*c*
Matches all files that have c in them (including at the beginning or end).
To match hidden files (that start with a . set the File::FNM_DOTMATCH flag.
**
Matches directories recursively or files expansively.
?
Matches any one character. Equivalent to /.{1}/ in regexp.
[set]
Matches any one character in set. Behaves exactly like character sets in Regexp, including set negation ([^a-z]).
\
Escapes the next metacharacter.
{a,b}
Matches pattern a and pattern b if File::FNM_EXTGLOB flag is enabled. Behaves like a Regexp union ((?:a|b)).
flags is a bitwise OR of the FNM_XXX constants. The same glob pattern and flags are used by Dir::glob.
Examples:
File.fnmatch('cat', 'cat') #=> true # match entire string File.fnmatch('cat', 'category') #=> false # only match partial string File.fnmatch('c{at,ub}s', 'cats') #=> false # { } isn't supported by default File.fnmatch('c{at,ub}s', 'cats', File::FNM_EXTGLOB) #=> true # { } is supported on FNM_EXTGLOB File.fnmatch('c?t', 'cat') #=> true # '?' match only 1 character File.fnmatch('c??t', 'cat') #=> false # ditto File.fnmatch('c*', 'cats') #=> true # '*' match 0 or more characters File.fnmatch('c*t', 'c/a/b/t') #=> true # ditto File.fnmatch('ca[a-z]', 'cat') #=> true # inclusive bracket expression File.fnmatch('ca[^t]', 'cat') #=> false # exclusive bracket expression ('^' or '!') File.fnmatch('cat', 'CAT') #=> false # case sensitive File.fnmatch('cat', 'CAT', File::FNM_CASEFOLD) #=> true # case insensitive File.fnmatch('?', '/', File::FNM_PATHNAME) #=> false # wildcard doesn't match '/' on FNM_PATHNAME File.fnmatch('*', '/', File::FNM_PATHNAME) #=> false # ditto File.fnmatch('[/]', '/', File::FNM_PATHNAME) #=> false # ditto File.fnmatch('\?', '?') #=> true # escaped wildcard becomes ordinary File.fnmatch('\a', 'a') #=> true # escaped ordinary remains ordinary File.fnmatch('\a', '\a', File::FNM_NOESCAPE) #=> true # FNM_NOESCAPE makes '\' ordinary File.fnmatch('[\?]', '?') #=> true # can escape inside bracket expression File.fnmatch('*', '.profile') #=> false # wildcard doesn't match leading File.fnmatch('*', '.profile', File::FNM_DOTMATCH) #=> true # period by default. File.fnmatch('.*', '.profile') #=> true rbfiles = '**' '/' '*.rb' # you don't have to do like this. just write in single string. File.fnmatch(rbfiles, 'main.rb') #=> false File.fnmatch(rbfiles, './main.rb') #=> false File.fnmatch(rbfiles, 'lib/song.rb') #=> true File.fnmatch('**.rb', 'main.rb') #=> true File.fnmatch('**.rb', './main.rb') #=> false File.fnmatch('**.rb', 'lib/song.rb') #=> true File.fnmatch('*', 'dave/.profile') #=> true pattern = '*' '/' '*' File.fnmatch(pattern, 'dave/.profile', File::FNM_PATHNAME) #=> false File.fnmatch(pattern, 'dave/.profile', File::FNM_PATHNAME | File::FNM_DOTMATCH) #=> true pattern = '**' '/' 'foo' File.fnmatch(pattern, 'a/b/c/foo', File::FNM_PATHNAME) #=> true File.fnmatch(pattern, '/a/b/c/foo', File::FNM_PATHNAME) #=> true File.fnmatch(pattern, 'c:/a/b/c/foo', File::FNM_PATHNAME) #=> true File.fnmatch(pattern, 'a/.b/c/foo', File::FNM_PATHNAME) #=> false File.fnmatch(pattern, 'a/.b/c/foo', File::FNM_PATHNAME | File::FNM_DOTMATCH) #=> true
Returns the last access time for the named file as a Time object).
file_name can be an IO object.
File.atime("testfile") #=> Wed Apr 09 08:51:48 CDT 2003
Truncates the file file_name to be at most integer bytes long. Not available on all platforms.
f = File.new("out", "w") f.write("1234567890") #=> 10 f.close #=> nil File.truncate("out", 5) #=> 0 File.size("out") #=> 5
Returns the real (absolute) pathname of pathname in the actual filesystem not containing symlinks or useless dots.
If dir_string is given, it is used as a base directory for interpreting relative pathname instead of the current directory.
All components of the pathname must exist when this method is called.
Returns the real (absolute) pathname of pathname in the actual filesystem. The real pathname doesn’t contain symlinks or useless dots.
If dir_string is given, it is used as a base directory for interpreting relative pathname instead of the current directory.
The last component of the real pathname can be nonexistent.
Returns the string representation of the path
File.path("/dev/null") #=> "/dev/null" File.path(Pathname.new("/tmp")) #=> "/tmp"
Returns the last access time (a Time object)
for <i>file</i>, or epoch if <i>file</i> has not been accessed.
File.new("testfile").atime #=> Wed Dec 31 18:00:00 CST 1969
Truncates file to at most integer bytes. The file must be opened for writing. Not available on all platforms.
f = File.new("out", "w") f.syswrite("1234567890") #=> 10 f.truncate(5) #=> 0 f.close() #=> nil File.size("out") #=> 5